Schreiber AM , Mukhi S , Brown DD .

F32 GM019772-01A2 NIGMS NIH HHS , F32 GM019772-02 NIGMS NIH HHS

	Fig. 4. The IFABP-TRDN-GFP transgene specifically inhibits TH direct-response genes in the epithelium, but not in the mesenchyme. Cross sections of duodenums from (A, B) wild-type NF54 tadpoles treated with either 0 nM T3; (C, D) 5 nM T3 for 48 h. Cross sections of duodenums from (E, F) sibling tadpoles transgenic for IFABP-TRDN-GFP treated with 5 nM T3 for 48 h. (A, C, E) Expression of the TH direct-response gene, bZip, mRNA in the epithelium. (B, D, F) Expression of the TH direct-response gene, stromelysin-3 (ST3), mRNA in the mesenchyme. mRNA localized by in situ hybridization (purple stain). Scale bar in F denotes 0.2 mm length.
	Fig. 7. Both The ST3-TRDN-GFP and Col-TRDN-GFP transgenes inhibit epithelial development and thickening of the sub-epithelial mesenchyme. (A) GFP is expressed specifically in the intestinal mesenchyme of tadpoles transgenic for ST3-GFP in an NF48 tadpole induced with T3 (10 nM) for 48 h. (B) Cross sections of the intestine from an untreated NF48 wild-type tadpole; (C) an NF48 wild-type tadpole treated for 7 days with 5 nM T; (D) an NF48 tadpole transgenic for ST3-TRDN-GFP treated for 7 days with 5 nM T3. (E) GFP is expressed in the mesenchyme and smooth muscle layers (but not in the epithelium) of an NF48 tadpole transgenic for Col-GFP. Cross sections of intestine from (F) an untreated NF54 wild-type tadpole; (G) an NF54 wild-type tadpole treated for 7 days with 5 nM T3; (H) an NF54 tadpole transgenic for Col-TRDN-GFP treated for 7 days with 5 nM T3. Immunoreactivity against GFP in A and E is green, and nuclei are counterstained white with dapi. Tissues in B–D and F–H are stained with hematoxylin and eosin. Scale bar in E denotes 20 μm length; scale bars in D and H denote 50 μm length.
	Fig. 8. The pCar-TRDN-GFP transgene inhibits smooth muscle separation, thickening of the inter-muscular mesenchyme, and aggregation of enteric neurons. (A) The whole-mounted duodenum of an NF57 tadpole transgenic for pCar-GFP expresses GFP (green) specifically in the longitudinal (oriented left–right) and circular (oriented top–bottom) muscle fibers. Cross sections from the duodenum of (B) NF63 tadpole transgenic for pCar-GFP stained for immunoreactivity against GFP (green) and counterstained for nuclei with dapi (white); (C, D) stained with smooth muscle actin antibody; (E, F) stained with smooth muscle actin and neural beta-tubulin antibodies. (C, E) Control NF63 tadpole; (D, F) NF63 tadpole transgenic for pCar-TRDN-GFP. Circular (c) and longitudinal (l) smooth muscle fibers. Scale bar in A denotes 20 μm length; scale bar in B denotes 100 μm length; scale bar in F denotes 40 μm length.
	Fig. 1. Virtually every tissue is affected during spontaneous metamorphic remodeling of the duodenum. Cross sections of the duodenum from (A–C) wild-type prometamorphic tadpoles NF57; (D–F), metamorphic climax NF61; (G–I), and the end of metamorphosis NF66. (C, F, and I) Cross sections of the duodenum from tadpoles transgenic for IFABP-GFP. The GFP antibody reaction is green; smooth muscle actin antibody is red. (A, D, and G) Hematoxylin and eosin. (B, E and H) Immunoreactivity against endogenous intestinal fatty acid binding protein (IFABP; blue), muscle-specific smooth muscle actin (red), enteric neuron-specific neural beta-tubulin (green); and a nuclear counter-stain (dapi; white) is shown for half of each section. t = typhlosole, c = circular muscle, l = longitudinal muscle. Scale bar in C denotes 0.2 mm length.
	Fig. 6. The IFABP-TRDN-GFP transgene inhibits circular muscle thickening and aggregation of enteric neurons. (A) Duodenal cross sections from a wild-type NF66+ froglet; (B), from a transgenic froglet. Tissues were stained for immunoreactivity against smooth muscle actin (red) and neural beta-tubulin (green). Sections are counterstained for nuclei with dapi (white). Circular muscle fibers (c); longitudinal muscle fibers (l). Inset in B is a magnification of the region encompassed by the dashed yellow rectangle. Scale bar denotes 0.1 mm length.

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