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FIGURE 1
Adult male and female albino Xenopus laevis. The photograph shows mating by male and female albino Xenopus laevis (with the smaller male above and the female below). White size bar = 2 cm.
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FIGURE 2
Embryonic development of albino Xenopus laevis at stages 1–10. Stage is indicated to the left of a pair of images for each stage: (A1–J1) and (A2–J2). Arrow above in (C1) identifies dorsal blastomeres. Arrow below in (C1) identifies ventral blastomeres. Arrows in (J1, J2) identify the visible blastopore lip. Bar in each image = 1 mm.
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FIGURE 3
Embryonic development at stages 11–20. Stage is indicated to the left of a pair of images for each stage: (A1–J1) and (A2–J2). Arrows indicate: (C1) beginning of the neural plate; (D1) the blastopore is slit shaped; (D2) neural grooves that are elevated; (E2) visible neural folds; (F1) rectangular neural plate; (G1) long triangular anterior neural plate; (H2) parallel neural folds that have not yet touched; (J1) two eye anlagen that have appeared. Bar in each image = 1 mm.
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FIGURE 4
Embryonic development at stages 21–30. Stage (S) is indicated to the left of three images for each stage. (A1–I1) Lateral views of the entire embryo; (A2–I2) dorsal views of the entire embryo; (A3–I3) ventral views of the entire embryo. Arrows indicate: (A2) primary eye vesicles (arrow) and neural tube suture (triangular arrow); (B2) initial groove between gill area and jaw; (B3) cloaca opening; (C1) eyes protrude; (E2) gill area groove; (G1) the tail bud forms an inconspicuous contour on the side; (I1) inner translucent band (arrow) and outer transparent band (triangular arrow). Bar in each image = 1 mm.
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FIGURE 5
Embryonic development at stages 31 to 39. Stage (S) is indicated to the left of three images for each stage. (A1–F1) Lateral views of the entire embryo; (A2–F2) dorsal views of the entire embryo; (A3–F3) ventral views of the entire embryo. (F1) Arrow indicated the 135° angle formed by the proctodeum and the tail. Bar in each image = 1 mm.
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FIGURE 6
Embryonic development at stages 40 to 46. Stage (S) is indicated to the left of three images for each stage. (A1–G1) Lateral views of the entire embryo; (A2–G2) dorsal views of the entire embryo; (A3–G3) ventral views of the entire embryo. (E3) Arrow points to the tentacle rudiment. Bar in each image = 1 mm.
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FIGURE 7
Skeleton staining at stages 40–47. Stage (S) is indicated to the left of a pair of images for each stage. (A1–H1) Dorsal views of the embryo; (A2–H2) ventral views of the embryo. Bar in each image = 1 mm. ba, branchial arches; bhb, basihyobranchial; ch, ceratohyal; cm, Meckel's cartilage; oc, otic capsule; pmpq, processus muscularis palatoquadrati; pq, palatoquadrate; tp, trabecular plate.
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FIGURE 8
Embryonic development at stages 47–50. Stage (S) is indicated to the left of three images for each stage. (A1–D1) Lateral views of the entire embryo; (A2–D2) dorsal views of the entire embryo; (A3–D3) ventral views of the entire embryo. Arrows indicate: (A1) hindlimb bud is visible; (A2) forelimb bud anlagen is visible; (A3) edge of gill cap forms quarter circle. Bar in each image = 2 mm.
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FIGURE 9
Skeleton staining at stages 48–51. Stage (S) is indicated to the left of a pair of images for each stage. (A1–D1) Dorsal views of the entire embryo; (A2–D2) ventral views of the entire embryo. Bar in each image = 1 mm. ch, ceratohyal; ctm, commissura terminalis; exo, external occipital; io, infrarostral; o, occipital; oc, otic capsule; se, sphenethmoid; tec, tentacular cartilage; v, vertebrae.
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FIGURE 10
Embryonic development at stages 51–57. Stage (S) is indicated to the left of five images for each stage. F: Forelimb. H: Hindlimb. (A1–G1) Lateral views of the entire embryo; (A2–G2) dorsal views of the entire embryo; (A3–G3) ventral views of the entire embryo. Bar in each whole embryo image = 1 cm. (A4–G4) Partial view of the forelimb; (A5–G5) partial view of the hindlimb. Bar in each limb image = 1 mm.
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FIGURE 11
Skeleton staining at stages 52–57. Stage (S) is indicated to the left of five images for each stage. Stage (S) is indicated to the left of three images for each stage. (A1–G1) Dorsal views; (A2–G2) partial views of the forelimb. (A3–G3) Partial views of the hindlimb. Arrow indicates ossification. Bar in each image = 1 mm. as, astragalus; ca, calcaneum; cp, carpals; f, femur; fb, fibula; hm, humerus; il, ilium; mc, metacarpals; mt, metatarsals; ph, phalanges; rd, radius; ru, radioulna; tb, tibia; tf, tibiofibula; ts, tarsals; ul, ulna; Arrowheads indicate the location of the initial ossification.
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FIGURE 12
Embryonic development at stages 58–60. Stage (S) is indicated to the left of five images for each stage. F: Forelimb. H: Hindlimb. (A1–C1) Lateral views of the entire embryo; (A2–C2) dorsal views; (A3–C3) ventral views. Bar in each whole-embryo image = 1 cm. (A4–C4) Partial views of the forelimb. (A5–C5) Partial views of the hindlimb. Bar in each limb image = 1 mm.
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FIGURE 13
Skeleton staining at stages 58–60. Stage (S) is indicated to the left of four images for each stage. F: Forelimb. H: Hindlimb. (A1–C1) Dorsal views of the entire embryo; (A2–C2) ventral views. Bar in each whole-embryo image = 1 cm. (A3–C3) Partial views of the forelimb. (A4–C4) Partial views of the hindlimb. Bar in each limb image = 1 mm. cl, clavicle; il, ilium; n, nasal; o, occipital; oc, otic capsule; ss, suprascapula.
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FIGURE 14
Embryonic development at stages 61–66. Stage (S) is indicated to the left of five images for each stage. F: Forelimb. H: Hindlimb. (A1–F1) Lateral views of the entire embryo; (A2–F2) dorsal views; (A3–F3) ventral views. Bar in each whole-embryo image = 1 cm. (A4–F4) Partial views of the forelimb. (A5–F4) Partial views of the hindlimb. Bar in each limb image = 1 mm.
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FIGURE 15
Skeleton staining at stages 61–66. Stage (S) is indicated to the left of four images for each stage. F: Forelimb. H: Hindlimb. (A1–F1) Dorsal views; (A2–F2) ventral views. Bar in each whole embryo image = 1 cm. (A3–F3) Partial views of the forelimb. (A4–F4) Partial views of the hindlimb. Bar in each limb image = 1 mm. an, angulosplenial; cl, clavicle; co, coracoid; d, dentary; fp, frontoparietal; ic, ischium; il, ilium; n, nasal; pmx, premaxilla; ps, parasphenoid; pt, pterygoid; pu, pubis; q, quadrate; r, rib; sc, scapula; se, sphenethmoid; su, fused sacrourostyle.
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