Click here to close
Hello! We notice that you are using Internet Explorer, which is not supported by Xenbase and may cause the site to display incorrectly.
We suggest using a current version of Chrome,
FireFox, or Safari.
bioRxiv
2023 Feb 03; doi: 10.1101/2023.02.02.526858.
Show Gene links
Show Anatomy links
Xenopus laevis lack the critical sperm factor PLCζ.
Bainbridge RE
,
Rosenbaum JC
,
Sau P
,
Carlson AE
.
???displayArticle.abstract???
Fertilization of eggs from the African clawed frog Xenopus laevis is characterized by an increase in cytosolic calcium, a phenomenon that is also observed in other vertebrates such as mammals and birds. During fertilization in mammals and birds, the transfer of the soluble PLCζ from sperm into the egg is thought to trigger the release of calcium from the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). Injecting sperm extracts into eggs reproduces this effect, reinforcing the hypothesis that a sperm factor is responsible for calcium release and egg activation. Remarkably, this occurs even when sperm extracts from X. laevis are injected into mouse eggs, suggesting that mammals and X. laevis share a sperm factor. However, X. laevis lacks an annotated PLCZ1 gene, which encodes the PLCζ enzyme. In this study, we attempted to determine whether sperm from X. laevis express an unannotated PLCZ1 ortholog. We identified PLCZ1 orthologs in 11 amphibian species, including 5 that had not been previously characterized, but did not find any in either X. laevis or the closely related Xenopus tropicalis . Additionally, we performed RNA sequencing on testes obtained from adult X. laevis males and did not identify potential PLCZ1 orthologs in our dataset or in previously collected ones. These findings suggest that PLCZ1 may have been lost in the Xenopus lineage and raise the question of how fertilization triggers calcium release and egg activation in these species.
Afgan,
The Galaxy platform for accessible, reproducible and collaborative biomedical analyses: 2018 update.
2018, Pubmed
Afgan,
The Galaxy platform for accessible, reproducible and collaborative biomedical analyses: 2018 update.
2018,
Pubmed
Agarwal,
Spermatozoa protein alterations in infertile men with bilateral varicocele.
2016,
Pubmed
Bedford-Guaus,
Molecular cloning and characterization of phospholipase C zeta in equine sperm and testis reveals species-specific differences in expression of catalytically active protein.
2011,
Pubmed
Coward,
Phospholipase Czeta, the trigger of egg activation in mammals, is present in a non-mammalian species.
2005,
Pubmed
Cox,
Sperm phospholipase Czeta from humans and cynomolgus monkeys triggers Ca2+ oscillations, activation and development of mouse oocytes.
2002,
Pubmed
Denninger,
Male-female communication triggers calcium signatures during fertilization in Arabidopsis.
2014,
Pubmed
Dong,
Xenopus and chicken sperm contain a cytosolic soluble protein factor which can trigger calcium oscillations in mouse eggs.
2000,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Edgar,
Gene Expression Omnibus: NCBI gene expression and hybridization array data repository.
2002,
Pubmed
Ferlin,
Effect of relaxin on human sperm functions.
2012,
Pubmed
Grey,
An electrical block is required to prevent polyspermy in eggs fertilized by natural mating of Xenopus laevis.
1982,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Harada,
The Ca2+ increase by the sperm factor in physiologically polyspermic newt fertilization: its signaling mechanism in egg cytoplasm and the species-specificity.
2011,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Harada,
Characterization of a sperm factor for egg activation at fertilization of the newt Cynops pyrrhogaster.
2007,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Houston,
A critical role for Xdazl, a germ plasm-localized RNA, in the differentiation of primordial germ cells in Xenopus.
2000,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Huang,
Anatomical Transcriptome Atlas of the Male Mouse Reproductive System During Aging.
2021,
Pubmed
Huson,
Dendroscope 3: an interactive tool for rooted phylogenetic trees and networks.
2012,
Pubmed
Ito,
Difference in Ca2+ oscillation-inducing activity and nuclear translocation ability of PLCZ1, an egg-activating sperm factor candidate, between mouse, rat, human, and medaka fish.
2008,
Pubmed
Jaffe,
First messengers at fertilization.
1990,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Jaffe,
Sources of calcium in egg activation: a review and hypothesis.
1983,
Pubmed
Kadamur,
Mammalian phospholipase C.
2013,
Pubmed
Kierszenbaum,
Structural and transcriptional features of the mouse spermatid genome.
1975,
Pubmed
Kline,
Calcium-dependent events at fertilization of the frog egg: injection of a calcium buffer blocks ion channel opening, exocytosis, and formation of pronuclei.
1988,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Liao,
featureCounts: an efficient general purpose program for assigning sequence reads to genomic features.
2014,
Pubmed
Maccarinelli,
Mitochondrial ferritin deficiency reduces male fertility in mice.
2017,
Pubmed
Mizushima,
The birth of quail chicks after intracytoplasmic sperm injection.
2014,
Pubmed
Mizushima,
Possible role of calcium on oocyte development after intracytoplasmic sperm injection in quail (Coturnix japonica).
2007,
Pubmed
Nomikos,
Role of phospholipase C-zeta domains in Ca2+-dependent phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate hydrolysis and cytoplasmic Ca2+ oscillations.
2005,
Pubmed
Nomikos,
The role and mechanism of action of sperm PLC-zeta in mammalian fertilisation.
2017,
Pubmed
Oikawa,
Epigenetic homogeneity in histone methylation underlies sperm programming for embryonic transcription.
2020,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Rhee,
Regulation of phosphoinositide-specific phospholipase C.
2001,
Pubmed
Ross,
Parthenogenetic activation of bovine oocytes using bovine and murine phospholipase C zeta.
2008,
Pubmed
Runft,
Egg activation at fertilization: where it all begins.
2002,
Pubmed
Runft,
Calcium release at fertilization of Xenopus eggs requires type I IP(3) receptors, but not SH2 domain-mediated activation of PLCgamma or G(q)-mediated activation of PLCbeta.
1999,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Sakaue,
Factor H in porcine seminal plasma protects sperm against complement attack in genital tracts.
2010,
Pubmed
Saunders,
PLC zeta: a sperm-specific trigger of Ca(2+) oscillations in eggs and embryo development.
2002,
Pubmed
Session,
Genome evolution in the allotetraploid frog Xenopus laevis.
2016,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Shechter,
Analysis of histones in Xenopus laevis. I. A distinct index of enriched variants and modifications exists in each cell type and is remodeled during developmental transitions.
2009,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Smrcka,
Regulation of polyphosphoinositide-specific phospholipase C activity by purified Gq.
1991,
Pubmed
Swann,
Egg Activation at Fertilization by a Soluble Sperm Protein.
2016,
Pubmed
Swann,
Dynamics of the calcium signal that triggers mammalian egg activation.
1994,
Pubmed
Teperek,
Sperm and spermatids contain different proteins and bind distinct egg factors.
2014,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Wozniak,
The TMEM16A channel mediates the fast polyspermy block in Xenopus laevis.
2018,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Wozniak,
PLC and IP3-evoked Ca2+ release initiate the fast block to polyspermy in Xenopus laevis eggs.
2018,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Wu,
PAWP, a sperm-specific WW domain-binding protein, promotes meiotic resumption and pronuclear development during fertilization.
2007,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Yoneda,
Molecular cloning, testicular postnatal expression, and oocyte-activating potential of porcine phospholipase Czeta.
2006,
Pubmed
