Click here to close
Hello! We notice that you are using Internet Explorer, which is not supported by Xenbase and may cause the site to display incorrectly.
We suggest using a current version of Chrome,
FireFox, or Safari.
???displayArticle.abstract???
Skeletal muscle differentiation occurs as muscle precursor cells (myoblasts) elongate and fuse to form multinucleated syncytial myotubes in which the highly-organized actomyosin sarcomeres of muscle fibers assemble. Although less well characterized, the microtubule cytoskeleton also undergoes dramatic rearrangement during myogenesis. The centrosome-nucleated microtubule array found in myoblasts is lost as the nuclear membrane acquires microtubule nucleating activity and microtubules emerge from multiple sites in the cell, eventually rearranging into a grid-like pattern in myotubes. In order to characterize perinuclear microtubule organization using a biochemically tractable system, we isolated nuclei from mouse C2C12 skeletal muscle cells during the course of differentiation and incubated them in cytoplasmic extracts prepared from eggs of the frog Xenopus laevis. Whereas centrosomes associated with myoblast nuclei gave rise to radial microtubule arrays in extracts, myotube nuclei produced a sun-like pattern with microtubules transiently nucleating from the entire nuclear envelope. Perinuclear microtubule growth was suppressed by inhibition of Aurora A kinase or by degradation of RNA, treatments that also inhibited microtubule growth from sperm centrosomes. Myotube nuclei displayed microtubule motor-based movements leading to their separation, as occurs in myotubes. This in vitro assay therefore recapitulates key features of microtubule organization and nuclear movement observed during muscle cell differentiation.
Abmayr,
Myoblast fusion: lessons from flies and mice.
2012, Pubmed
Abmayr,
Myoblast fusion: lessons from flies and mice.
2012,
Pubmed
Apel,
Syne-1, a dystrophin- and Klarsicht-related protein associated with synaptic nuclei at the neuromuscular junction.
2000,
Pubmed
Azevedo,
Getting into Position: Nuclear Movement in Muscle Cells.
2020,
Pubmed
Balczon,
PCM-1, A 228-kD centrosome autoantigen with a distinct cell cycle distribution.
1994,
Pubmed
Becker,
Microtubule Organization in Striated Muscle Cells.
2020,
Pubmed
Blower,
Molecular insights into intracellular RNA localization.
2013,
Pubmed
Blower,
A Rae1-containing ribonucleoprotein complex is required for mitotic spindle assembly.
2005,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Bugnard,
Reorganization of microtubule nucleation during muscle differentiation.
2005,
Pubmed
Cadot,
Nuclear movement during myotube formation is microtubule and dynein dependent and is regulated by Cdc42, Par6 and Par3.
2012,
Pubmed
Caporizzo,
Microtubules Provide a Viscoelastic Resistance to Myocyte Motion.
2018,
Pubmed
Chabin-Brion,
The Golgi complex is a microtubule-organizing organelle.
2001,
Pubmed
Chen,
Eg5 Inhibitors Have Contrasting Effects on Microtubule Stability and Metaphase Spindle Integrity.
2017,
Pubmed
Cheng,
Spontaneous emergence of cell-like organization in Xenopus egg extracts.
2019,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Dammermann,
Assembly of centrosomal proteins and microtubule organization depends on PCM-1.
2002,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Denes,
Microtubule-based transport is essential to distribute RNA and nascent protein in skeletal muscle.
2021,
Pubmed
Dictenberg,
Pericentrin and gamma-tubulin form a protein complex and are organized into a novel lattice at the centrosome.
1998,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Doxsey,
Pericentrin, a highly conserved centrosome protein involved in microtubule organization.
1994,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Duong,
Nesprins: tissue-specific expression of epsilon and other short isoforms.
2014,
Pubmed
Edelstein,
Advanced methods of microscope control using μManager software.
2014,
Pubmed
Englander,
Acetylcholine receptor clustering and nuclear movement in muscle fibers in culture.
1987,
Pubmed
Espigat-Georger,
Nuclear alignment in myotubes requires centrosome proteins recruited by nesprin-1.
2016,
Pubmed
Fant,
Nuclei of non-muscle cells bind centrosome proteins upon fusion with differentiating myoblasts.
2009,
Pubmed
Field,
Xenopus extract approaches to studying microtubule organization and signaling in cytokinesis.
2017,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Firestone,
Small-molecule inhibitors of the AAA+ ATPase motor cytoplasmic dynein.
2012,
Pubmed
Folker,
Muscle length and myonuclear position are independently regulated by distinct Dynein pathways.
2012,
Pubmed
Fridman,
Kinesin-5 Kip1 is a bi-directional motor that stabilizes microtubules and tracks their plus-ends in vivo.
2013,
Pubmed
Gardner,
Chromosome congression by Kinesin-5 motor-mediated disassembly of longer kinetochore microtubules.
2008,
Pubmed
Gimpel,
Nesprin-1α-Dependent Microtubule Nucleation from the Nuclear Envelope via Akap450 Is Necessary for Nuclear Positioning in Muscle Cells.
2017,
Pubmed
Gundersen,
Generation of a stable, posttranslationally modified microtubule array is an early event in myogenic differentiation.
1989,
Pubmed
Hall,
Nuclear domains in muscle cells.
1989,
Pubmed
Hannak,
Investigating mitotic spindle assembly and function in vitro using Xenopus laevis egg extracts.
2006,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Heffler,
A Balance Between Intermediate Filaments and Microtubules Maintains Nuclear Architecture in the Cardiomyocyte.
2020,
Pubmed
Henderson,
Overview of the Muscle Cytoskeleton.
2017,
Pubmed
Ide,
The Golgi apparatus is the main microtubule-organizing center in differentiating skeletal muscle cells.
2021,
Pubmed
Ishihara,
Microtubule nucleation remote from centrosomes may explain how asters span large cells.
2014,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Kapoor,
Probing spindle assembly mechanisms with monastrol, a small molecule inhibitor of the mitotic kinesin, Eg5.
2000,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Kronebusch,
The microtubule-organizing complex and the Golgi apparatus are co-localized around the entire nuclear envelope of interphase cardiac myocytes.
1987,
Pubmed
Kubo,
Centriolar satellites: molecular characterization, ATP-dependent movement toward centrioles and possible involvement in ciliogenesis.
1999,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Kueh,
Actin disassembly by cofilin, coronin, and Aip1 occurs in bursts and is inhibited by barbed-end cappers.
2008,
Pubmed
Lu,
Golgi complex reorganization during muscle differentiation: visualization in living cells and mechanism.
2001,
Pubmed
Magnaghi-Jaulin,
Aurora A Protein Kinase: To the Centrosome and Beyond.
2019,
Pubmed
Maresca,
Methods for studying spindle assembly and chromosome condensation in Xenopus egg extracts.
2006,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Mayer,
Small molecule inhibitor of mitotic spindle bipolarity identified in a phenotype-based screen.
1999,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Metzger,
MAP and kinesin-dependent nuclear positioning is required for skeletal muscle function.
2012,
Pubmed
Miller,
Kif2a Scales Meiotic Spindle Size in Hymenochirus boettgeri.
2019,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Murray,
Cell cycle extracts.
1991,
Pubmed
Musa,
Microtubule assembly in cultured myoblasts and myotubes following nocodazole induced microtubule depolymerisation.
2003,
Pubmed
Nabbi,
Rapid Isolation of Nuclei from Cells In Vitro.
2015,
Pubmed
Nguyen,
Spatial organization of cytokinesis signaling reconstituted in a cell-free system.
2014,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Oddoux,
Microtubules that form the stationary lattice of muscle fibers are dynamic and nucleated at Golgi elements.
2013,
Pubmed
Pavlath,
Localization of muscle gene products in nuclear domains.
1989,
Pubmed
Pinheiro,
mRNA distribution in skeletal muscle is associated with mRNA size.
2021,
Pubmed
Ralston,
Changes in architecture of the Golgi complex and other subcellular organelles during myogenesis.
1993,
Pubmed
Ralston,
Transfer of a protein encoded by a single nucleus to nearby nuclei in multinucleated myotubes.
1989,
Pubmed
Ralston,
Restricted distribution of mRNA produced from a single nucleus in hybrid myotubes.
1992,
Pubmed
Randles,
Nesprins, but not sun proteins, switch isoforms at the nuclear envelope during muscle development.
2010,
Pubmed
Robison,
Detyrosinated microtubules buckle and bear load in contracting cardiomyocytes.
2016,
Pubmed
Roman,
Muscle repair after physiological damage relies on nuclear migration for cellular reconstruction.
2021,
Pubmed
Roman,
Nuclear positioning in skeletal muscle.
2018,
Pubmed
Rotundo,
Nucleus-specific translation and assembly of acetylcholinesterase in multinucleated muscle cells.
1990,
Pubmed
Sanchez,
Microtubule-organizing centers: from the centrosome to non-centrosomal sites.
2017,
Pubmed
Saxton,
Microtubules, motors, and mRNA localization mechanisms: watching fluorescent messages move.
2001,
Pubmed
Scarborough,
Microtubules orchestrate local translation to enable cardiac growth.
2021,
Pubmed
Schindelin,
Fiji: an open-source platform for biological-image analysis.
2012,
Pubmed
Schmidt,
AKAP350, a multiply spliced protein kinase A-anchoring protein associated with centrosomes.
1999,
Pubmed
Sepulveda,
Co-translational protein targeting facilitates centrosomal recruitment of PCNT during centrosome maturation in vertebrates.
2018,
Pubmed
Sharp,
The bipolar kinesin, KLP61F, cross-links microtubules within interpolar microtubule bundles of Drosophila embryonic mitotic spindles.
1999,
Pubmed
Srsen,
Centrosome proteins form an insoluble perinuclear matrix during muscle cell differentiation.
2009,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Sun,
Spectraplakin Shot Maintains Perinuclear Microtubule Organization in Drosophila Polyploid Cells.
2019,
Pubmed
Takahashi,
Characterization of a novel giant scaffolding protein, CG-NAP, that anchors multiple signaling enzymes to centrosome and the golgi apparatus.
1999,
Pubmed
Tassin,
Fate of microtubule-organizing centers during myogenesis in vitro.
1985,
Pubmed
Tillery,
Centrosomal and Non-Centrosomal Microtubule-Organizing Centers (MTOCs) in Drosophila melanogaster.
2018,
Pubmed
Tinevez,
TrackMate: An open and extensible platform for single-particle tracking.
2017,
Pubmed
Tsai,
Aurora A kinase-coated beads function as microtubule-organizing centers and enhance RanGTP-induced spindle assembly.
2005,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Warren,
Microtubular organization in elongating myogenic cells.
1974,
Pubmed
Wilson,
Opposing microtubule motors drive robust nuclear dynamics in developing muscle cells.
2012,
Pubmed
Wilson,
Nesprins anchor kinesin-1 motors to the nucleus to drive nuclear distribution in muscle cells.
2015,
Pubmed
Windner,
Nuclear Scaling Is Coordinated among Individual Nuclei in Multinucleated Muscle Fibers.
2019,
Pubmed
Witczak,
Cloning and characterization of a cDNA encoding an A-kinase anchoring protein located in the centrosome, AKAP450.
1999,
Pubmed
Zhang,
Nesprins: a novel family of spectrin-repeat-containing proteins that localize to the nuclear membrane in multiple tissues.
2001,
Pubmed
Zheng,
A perinuclear microtubule-organizing centre controls nuclear positioning and basement membrane secretion.
2020,
Pubmed