Sokol SY .

R01 GM096959 NIGMS NIH HHS , R21 HD078874 NICHD NIH HHS , R56 NS040972 NINDS NIH HHS , R01 NS040972 NINDS NIH HHS

	Fig. 1. Two major Wnt pathway branches.The canonical Wnt/-catenin pathway antagonizes the -catenin destruction complex, consisting of Axin, GSK3 and APC to promote target gene transcription. By contrast,the Wnt/PCP pathway is thought to involve Frizzled/Dishevelled signaling to locally activate RhoA, ROCK and Myosin II and, at the same time, precludes the recruitment ofVangl2/Prickle to the same membrane subdomain. Roles of the vertebrate PCP proteins Fuzzy, Inturned and Diversin in PCP are unclear. Besides the mutually antagonisticinteractions inside the cell, PCP is coordinated by the positive feedback between the Frizzled/Dishevelled complex and the Vangl2/Prickle complex across the cell junction.Two neighboring epithelial cells are shown.
	Fig. 2. Anteroposterior and mediolateral PCP in the Xenopus neural plate.En face views of the Xenopus neural plate shown for stage 14–16 embryos. Left, immunostaining for Vangl2 and ZO1 reveals anterior accumulation of Vangl2 in neural midline cells (arrows). Inset shows whole embryo view with indicated anteroposterior (A-P) and mediolateral (M-L) axes. Right, the middle area of the neural plate exhibits mediolateral planar polarity of the cells mosaically expressing GFP-Rab11 (green) and RFP-Diversin (red puncta) that are enriched at medial domains of cells in the lateral neural plate. Arrows mark cell polarization towards the midline (dotted line).
	Fig. 3. Regulation of morphogenetic behaviors by Wnt/PCP signaling. The Wnt/PCP pathway modulates actomyosin dynamics and vesicular trafficking to control mediolateral and radial cell intercalations, apical constriction, collective and individual cell migration and oriented cell division. Together, these cell behaviors ensure proper vertebrate neural tube closure.

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