Click here to close
Hello! We notice that you are using Internet Explorer, which is not supported by Xenbase and may cause the site to display incorrectly.
We suggest using a current version of Chrome,
FireFox, or Safari.
???displayArticle.abstract???
Photoreceptor retinol dehydrogenase (prRDH) is a membrane-associated cytosolic protein that localizes to the outer segments (OS) of rods and cones. Here, we demonstrate that the C-terminal 16 amino acids of prRDH confer membrane association as well as cone and rod OS targeting on a linked green fluorescent protein. Membrane association in transfected 293 cells and in transgenic Xenopus photoreceptors is mediated by fatty acylation at one or more evolutionarily conserved cysteines within the prRDH C-terminal tail. In bovine OS, native prRDH is similarly acylated, and hydrolysis of this linkage releases the protein from the membrane. Efficient OS localization requires both membrane association and the prRDH sequence. (V/I)XPX at the extreme C terminus, which closely resembles the C-terminal sequence that targets opsin/rhodopsin to the OS. Taken together, these data imply that the C-terminal. (V/I)XPX sequence is a general OS localization signal that can function in the context of both integral and peripheral membrane proteins. This strategy for OS localization resembles those used for protein localization to mitochondria, peroxisomes, endosomes, and endoplasmic reticulum; in each case, a short N- or C-terminal sequence is shared among structurally diverse proteins that are targeted to the same subcellular destination.
Anant,
In vivo differential prenylation of retinal cyclic GMP phosphodiesterase catalytic subunits.
1992, Pubmed
Anant,
In vivo differential prenylation of retinal cyclic GMP phosphodiesterase catalytic subunits.
1992,
Pubmed
Aït Slimane,
Sphingolipid trafficking and protein sorting in epithelial cells.
2002,
Pubmed
Blaner,
The membrane bound retinol dehydrogenase from bovine rod outer segments.
1980,
Pubmed
Brann,
Diurnal expression of transducin mRNA and translocation of transducin in rods of rat retina.
1987,
Pubmed
Broekhuyse,
Light induced shift and binding of S-antigen in retinal rods.
1985,
Pubmed
Concepcion,
The carboxyl-terminal domain is essential for rhodopsin transport in rod photoreceptors.
2002,
Pubmed
Dryja,
Mutation spectrum of the rhodopsin gene among patients with autosomal dominant retinitis pigmentosa.
1991,
Pubmed
Dryja,
Mutations within the rhodopsin gene in patients with autosomal dominant retinitis pigmentosa.
1990,
Pubmed
El-Husseini,
Polarized targeting of peripheral membrane proteins in neurons.
2001,
Pubmed
Gao,
Progressive photoreceptor degeneration, outer segment dysplasia, and rhodopsin mislocalization in mice with targeted disruption of the retinitis pigmentosa-1 (Rp1) gene.
2002,
Pubmed
Gonzalo,
SNAP-25 palmitoylation and plasma membrane targeting require a functional secretory pathway.
1998,
Pubmed
Heilker,
Recognition of sorting signals by clathrin adaptors.
1999,
Pubmed
Ishiguro,
Purification of retinol dehydrogenase from bovine retinal rod outer segments.
1991,
Pubmed
Knox,
Transgene expression in Xenopus rods.
1998,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Kroll,
Transgenic Xenopus embryos from sperm nuclear transplantations reveal FGF signaling requirements during gastrulation.
1996,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Li,
Transgenic mice carrying the dominant rhodopsin mutation P347S: evidence for defective vectorial transport of rhodopsin to the outer segments.
1996,
Pubmed
Linder,
Palmitoylation of G-protein alpha subunits.
1995,
Pubmed
Lingappa,
Early events in the biosynthesis of secretory and membrane proteins: the signal hypothesis.
1980,
Pubmed
Lion,
Biochemical aspects of the visual process. XXVII. Stereospecificity of ocular retinol dehydrogenases and the visual cycle.
1975,
Pubmed
Liu,
Identification and subcellular localization of the RP1 protein in human and mouse photoreceptors.
2002,
Pubmed
Liu,
RP1 is required for the correct stacking of outer segment discs.
2003,
Pubmed
Macke,
Rhodopsin mutation proline347-to-alanine in a family with autosomal dominant retinitis pigmentosa indicates an important role for proline at position 347.
1995,
Pubmed
McGinnis,
Cytoskeleton participation in subcellular trafficking of signal transduction proteins in rod photoreceptor cells.
2002,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Mendez,
Light-dependent translocation of arrestin in the absence of rhodopsin phosphorylation and transducin signaling.
2003,
Pubmed
Molday,
Photoreceptor membrane proteins, phototransduction, and retinal degenerative diseases. The Friedenwald Lecture.
1998,
Pubmed
Moritz,
Fluorescent photoreceptors of transgenic Xenopus laevis imaged in vivo by two microscopy techniques.
1999,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Moritz,
A functional rhodopsin-green fluorescent protein fusion protein localizes correctly in transgenic Xenopus laevis retinal rods and is expressed in a time-dependent pattern.
2001,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Nicotra,
Retinol dehydrogenase from bovine retinal rod outer segments. Kinetic mechanism of the solubilized enzyme.
1982,
Pubmed
Palczewski,
Rod outer segment retinol dehydrogenase: substrate specificity and role in phototransduction.
1994,
Pubmed
Papermaster,
Preparation of retinal rod outer segments.
1982,
Pubmed
Pazour,
The intraflagellar transport protein, IFT88, is essential for vertebrate photoreceptor assembly and maintenance.
2002,
Pubmed
Peterson,
Arrestin migrates in photoreceptors in response to light: a study of arrestin localization using an arrestin-GFP fusion protein in transgenic frogs.
2003,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Philp,
Light-stimulated protein movement in rod photoreceptor cells of the rat retina.
1987,
Pubmed
Pugh,
Amplification and kinetics of the activation steps in phototransduction.
1993,
Pubmed
Qin,
In vitro isoprenylation and membrane association of mouse rod photoreceptor cGMP phosphodiesterase alpha and beta subunits expressed in bacteria.
1992,
Pubmed
Rattner,
Identification and characterization of all-trans-retinol dehydrogenase from photoreceptor outer segments, the visual cycle enzyme that reduces all-trans-retinal to all-trans-retinol.
2000,
Pubmed
Reiss,
Inhibition of purified p21ras farnesyl:protein transferase by Cys-AAX tetrapeptides.
1990,
Pubmed
Resh,
Fatty acylation of proteins: new insights into membrane targeting of myristoylated and palmitoylated proteins.
1999,
Pubmed
Rosas,
Autosomal dominant retinitis pigmentosa in a large family: a clinical and molecular genetic study.
1994,
Pubmed
Sacksteder,
The genetics of peroxisome biogenesis.
2000,
Pubmed
Sawicki,
Structure of the ternary complex of human 17beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 with 3-hydroxyestra-1,3,5,7-tetraen-17-one (equilin) and NADP+.
1999,
Pubmed
Sokolov,
Massive light-driven translocation of transducin between the two major compartments of rod cells: a novel mechanism of light adaptation.
2002,
Pubmed
Srinivasa,
Plasma membrane localization is required for RGS4 function in Saccharomyces cerevisiae.
1998,
Pubmed
Sung,
Rhodopsin mutations in autosomal dominant retinitis pigmentosa.
1991,
Pubmed
Sung,
A rhodopsin gene mutation responsible for autosomal dominant retinitis pigmentosa results in a protein that is defective in localization to the photoreceptor outer segment.
1994,
Pubmed
Tai,
Rhodopsin's carboxy-terminal cytoplasmic tail acts as a membrane receptor for cytoplasmic dynein by binding to the dynein light chain Tctex-1.
1999,
Pubmed
Tam,
Identification of an outer segment targeting signal in the COOH terminus of rhodopsin using transgenic Xenopus laevis.
2000,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Voos,
Mechanisms of protein translocation into mitochondria.
1999,
Pubmed
WALD,
The reduction of retinene1 to vitamina A1 in vitro.
1949,
Pubmed
Whelan,
Light-dependent subcellular movement of photoreceptor proteins.
1988,
Pubmed
Yokoyama,
Molecular evolution of vertebrate visual pigments.
2000,
Pubmed
Young,
The renewal of photoreceptor cell outer segments.
1967,
Pubmed
Zhao,
The retinitis pigmentosa GTPase regulator (RPGR)- interacting protein: subserving RPGR function and participating in disk morphogenesis.
2003,
Pubmed
el-Husseini,
Protein palmitoylation: a regulator of neuronal development and function.
2002,
Pubmed
