Click here to close
Hello! We notice that you are using Internet Explorer, which is not supported by Xenbase and may cause the site to display incorrectly.
We suggest using a current version of Chrome,
FireFox, or Safari.
???displayArticle.abstract???
Extended double-stranded DNA (dsRNA) duplexes can be hyper-edited by adenosine deaminases that act on RNA (ADARs). Long uninterrupted dsRNA is relatively uncommon in cells, and is frequently associated with infection by DNA or RNA viruses. Moreover, extensive adenosine to inosine editing has been reported for various viruses. A number of cellular antiviral defence strategies are stimulated by dsRNA. An additional mechanism to remove dsRNA from cells may involve hyper-editing of dsRNA by ADARs, followed by targeted cleavage. We describe here a cytoplasmic endonuclease activity that specifically cleaves hyper-edited dsRNA. Cleavage occurs at specific sites consisting of alternating IU and UI base pairs. In contrast, unmodified dsRNA and even deaminated dsRNAs that contain four consecutive IU base pairs are not cleaved. Moreover, dsRNAs in which alternating IU and UI base pairs are replaced by isomorphic GU and UG base pairs are not cleaved. Thus, the cleavage of deaminated dsRNA appears to require an RNA structure that is unique to hyper-edited RNA, providing a molecular target for the disposal of hyper-edited viral RNA.
Abmayr,
Identification of a functional mammalian spliceosome containing unspliced pre-mRNA.
1988, Pubmed
Abmayr,
Identification of a functional mammalian spliceosome containing unspliced pre-mRNA.
1988,
Pubmed
Allmang,
The yeast exosome and human PM-Scl are related complexes of 3' --> 5' exonucleases.
1999,
Pubmed
Bass,
An unwinding activity that covalently modifies its double-stranded RNA substrate.
1988,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Bass,
Biased hypermutation of viral RNA genomes could be due to unwinding/modification of double-stranded RNA.
1989,
Pubmed
Bass,
Double-stranded RNA as a template for gene silencing.
2000,
Pubmed
Burgstaller,
Isoalloxazine derivatives promote photocleavage of natural RNAs at G.U base pairs embedded within helices.
1997,
Pubmed
Cattaneo,
Measles virus editing provides an additional cysteine-rich protein.
1989,
Pubmed
Felder,
Functional and biological properties of an avian variant long terminal repeat containing multiple A to G conversions in the U3 sequence.
1994,
Pubmed
Hajjar,
Modification of retroviral RNA by double-stranded RNA adenosine deaminase.
1995,
Pubmed
Kimelman,
An antisense mRNA directs the covalent modification of the transcript encoding fibroblast growth factor in Xenopus oocytes.
1989,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Konarska,
Electrophoretic separation of complexes involved in the splicing of precursors to mRNAs.
1986,
Pubmed
Kumar,
Nuclear antisense RNA induces extensive adenosine modifications and nuclear retention of target transcripts.
1997,
Pubmed
Kumar,
Antisense RNA: function and fate of duplex RNA in cells of higher eukaryotes.
1998,
Pubmed
Lehmann,
Double-stranded RNA adenosine deaminases ADAR1 and ADAR2 have overlapping specificities.
2000,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Loakes,
5-Nitroindole as an universal base analogue.
1994,
Pubmed
Maquat,
Quality control of mRNA function.
2001,
Pubmed
Masquida,
On the wobble GoU and related pairs.
2000,
Pubmed
Melton,
Efficient in vitro synthesis of biologically active RNA and RNA hybridization probes from plasmids containing a bacteriophage SP6 promoter.
1984,
Pubmed
Morse,
Long RNA hairpins that contain inosine are present in Caenorhabditis elegans poly(A)+ RNA.
1999,
Pubmed
Murphy,
Numerous transitions in human parainfluenza virus 3 RNA recovered from persistently infected cells.
1991,
Pubmed
Nishikura,
Substrate specificity of the dsRNA unwinding/modifying activity.
1991,
Pubmed
O'Connell,
Purification and properties of double-stranded RNA-specific adenosine deaminase from calf thymus.
1994,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
O'Connell,
Purification of native and recombinant double-stranded RNA-specific adenosine deaminases.
1998,
Pubmed
O'Hara,
Vesicular stomatitis virus defective interfering particles can contain extensive genomic sequence rearrangements and base substitutions.
1984,
Pubmed
Patterson,
Expression and regulation by interferon of a double-stranded-RNA-specific adenosine deaminase from human cells: evidence for two forms of the deaminase.
1995,
Pubmed
Petschek,
RNA editing in Drosophila 4f-rnp gene nuclear transcripts by multiple A-to-G conversions.
1996,
Pubmed
Polson,
Preferential selection of adenosines for modification by double-stranded RNA adenosine deaminase.
1994,
Pubmed
Rueda,
Loss of conserved cysteine residues in the attachment (G) glycoprotein of two human respiratory syncytial virus escape mutants that contain multiple A-G substitutions (hypermutations).
1994,
Pubmed
Rueter,
Regulation of alternative splicing by RNA editing.
1999,
Pubmed
Saccomanno,
A minor fraction of basic fibroblast growth factor mRNA is deaminated in Xenopus stage VI and matured oocytes.
1999,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Samuel,
Mechanism of interferon action: phosphorylation of protein synthesis initiation factor eIF-2 in interferon-treated human cells by a ribosome-associated kinase processing site specificity similar to hemin-regulated rabbit reticulocyte kinase.
1979,
Pubmed
Samuel,
Protein-nucleic acid interactions and cellular responses to interferon.
1998,
Pubmed
Scadden,
A ribonuclease specific for inosine-containing RNA: a potential role in antiviral defence?
1997,
Pubmed
Smith,
Scanning and competition between AGs are involved in 3' splice site selection in mammalian introns.
1993,
Pubmed
Strobel,
The 2,6-diaminopurine riboside.5-methylisocytidine wobble base pair: an isoenergetic substitution for the study of G.U pairs in RNA.
1994,
Pubmed
Varani,
The G x U wobble base pair. A fundamental building block of RNA structure crucial to RNA function in diverse biological systems.
2000,
Pubmed
Zhou,
Expression cloning of 2-5A-dependent RNAase: a uniquely regulated mediator of interferon action.
1993,
Pubmed