Click here to close
Hello! We notice that you are using Internet Explorer, which is not supported by Xenbase and may cause the site to display incorrectly.
We suggest using a current version of Chrome,
FireFox, or Safari.
Environ Health Perspect
2002 Jul 01;1107:641-5. doi: 10.1289/ehp.02110641.
Show Gene links
Show Anatomy links
Mitogen-activated protein kinase activation by oxidative and bacterial stress in an amphibian cell culture model.
Carter LA
,
Tabor MB
,
Bonner JC
,
Bonner LA
.
???displayArticle.abstract???
The decline of many amphibian species could be caused by their susceptibility to environmental pollutants that cause cellular stress and cell death. A variety of intracellular signal transduction pathways are activated by environmental stress factors, which result in cell death. Mitogen-activated protein kinases are intracellular signaling molecules that include the extracellular signal-regulated kinases (ERK-1 and ERK-2). We used cultured (italic)Xenopus(/italic) tadpole cells (XTC-2 cells) to investigate the activation of ERK by oxidative or bacterial stress, two environmental factors that could contribute to pollution in aquatic systems. We exposed XTC-2 cell monolayers to hydrogen peroxide or bacterial lipopolysaccharide and measured ERK activation by Western blotting using antibodies raised against phosphorylated ERK-1 and ERK-2. Only ERK-2 was detected in XTC-2 cells. Both hydrogen peroxide and lipopolysaccharide caused ERK-2 phosphorylation in a time- and concentration-dependent manner. Hydrogen peroxide caused a 20- to 30-fold increase in ERK-2 activation that peaked 30 min after treatment, and lipopolysaccharide induced a 5- to 10-fold increase in ERK-2 activation that peaked 60 min after treatment. PD98059, an inhibitor of the ERK pathway, reduced the cytotoxic response of XTC-2 cells to hydrogen peroxide or lipopolysaccharide. These data suggest that ERK-2 is an intracellular target of oxidative and bacterial stress in amphibians that mediates, at least in part, the cytotoxic response to hydrogen peroxide or lipopolysaccharide. Moreover, the (italic)Xenopus(/italic) (XTC-2) cell culture system could serve as a useful model to identify agents that might threaten amphibian populations and human health.
Bitangcol,
Activation of the p42 mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway inhibits Cdc2 activation and entry into M-phase in cycling Xenopus egg extracts.
1998, Pubmed,
Xenbase
Bitangcol,
Activation of the p42 mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway inhibits Cdc2 activation and entry into M-phase in cycling Xenopus egg extracts.
1998,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Blaustein,
UV repair and resistance to solar UV-B in amphibian eggs: a link to population declines?
1994,
Pubmed
Bonner,
Induction of the lung myofibroblast PDGF receptor system by urban ambient particles from Mexico City.
1998,
Pubmed
Burkhart,
Strategies for assessing the implications of malformed frogs for environmental health.
2000,
Pubmed
Cobb,
How MAP kinases are regulated.
1995,
Pubmed
Guyton,
Activation of mitogen-activated protein kinase by H2O2. Role in cell survival following oxidant injury.
1996,
Pubmed
Johnson,
The effect of trematode infection on amphibian limb development and survivorship.
1999,
Pubmed
Kaiser,
Deformed frogs leap into spotlight at health workshop.
1997,
Pubmed
Manuel,
Malformed frogs. Making the leap to humans.
2000,
Pubmed
Means,
The biology of Toll-like receptors.
2000,
Pubmed
Mielke,
Quantities and associations of lead, zinc, cadmium, manganese, chromium, nickel, vanadium, and copper in fresh Mississippi delta alluvium and New Orleans alluvial soils.
2000,
Pubmed
Pechmann,
Declining amphibian populations: the problem of separating human impacts from natural fluctuations.
1991,
Pubmed
Samet,
Activation of MAPKs in human bronchial epithelial cells exposed to metals.
1998,
Pubmed
Schaeffer,
Mitogen-activated protein kinases: specific messages from ubiquitous messengers.
1999,
Pubmed
Shi,
Mechanisms of MARCKS gene activation during Xenopus development.
1997,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Sohaskey,
Distinct, constitutively active MAPK phosphatases function in Xenopus oocytes: implications for p42 MAPK regulation In vivo.
1999,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Sparling,
Pesticides and amphibian population declines in California, USA.
2001,
Pubmed
Tessier,
Increased ErbB-2 tyrosine kinase activity, MAPK phosphorylation, and cell proliferation in the prostate cancer cell line LNCaP following treatment by select pesticides.
2001,
Pubmed
Umbhauer,
Mesoderm induction in Xenopus caused by activation of MAP kinase.
1995,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Wang,
Mechanism of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK)-1 and ERK-2 activation by vanadium pentoxide in rat pulmonary myofibroblasts.
2000,
Pubmed
Waskiewicz,
Mitogen and stress response pathways: MAP kinase cascades and phosphatase regulation in mammals and yeast.
1995,
Pubmed
Yanase,
Possible involvement of ERK 1/2 in UVA-induced melanogenesis in cultured normal human epidermal melanocytes.
2001,
Pubmed
Yang,
Cellular events mediated by lipopolysaccharide-stimulated toll-like receptor 4. MD-2 is required for activation of mitogen-activated protein kinases and Elk-1.
2000,
Pubmed
Zhang,
Peroxynitrite targets the epidermal growth factor receptor, Raf-1, and MEK independently to activate MAPK.
2000,
Pubmed
