Dev Growth Differ 1986 Nov 01;286:543-554. doi: 10.1111/j.1440-169X.1986.00543.x.

Modification of Dorsal-Ventral Polarity in Xenopus laevis Embryos Following Withdrawal of Egg Contents before First Cleavage: (Dorsal-ventral Polarity/Xenopus laevis/Cytoplasmic exudation/Pricking).

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When fertilized Xenopus laevis eggs were pricked just beneath the marginal zone with a thick glass needle prior to the first cleavage, a small amount of cytoplasm escaped into the exudate. Those eggs were placed in a poly L-lysine-coated plastic dish filled with 10% Ficoll solution. The location of the sperm entrance site (SES) of each egg was marked by scratching the surface of the plastic dish. The pricked embryos were anchored to the dish through poly L-lysine, and developed, therefore, without changing their original position. Consequently, development of the dorsalventral polarity was conveniently monitored with respect to the location of the SES. Embryos which developed from eggs pricked on the side opposite the SES showed modification of the dorsal-ventral polarity: Semi-quantitative studies showed that an exudation approximately 1.5-12.5% of the whole egg contents from the presumptive dorsal side caused a reversal of the dorsal-ventral polarity. That is, the dorsal lip of the blastopore formed on the same side of the SES, whereas the dorsal lip formed on the side opposite the SES in the normal control and sham-operated embryos. Half of the embryos which had larger cytoplasmic exudates more than 12.5% of the whole egg contents failed to form the dorsal lip by the time all controls and the embryos with smaller exudates showed normal dorsal lip formation. When eggs were pricked on the SES side, the normal topographic relationship between the SES and future dorsal lip side was reinforced.

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