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XB-ART-54571
Dev Biol 2018 Jan 15;4332:276-286. doi: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2017.10.007.
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Hyperinnervation improves Xenopus laevis limb regeneration.

Mitogawa K , Makanae A , Satoh A .


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Xenopus laevis (an anuran amphibian) shows limb regeneration ability between that of urodele amphibians and that of amniotes. Xenopus frogs can initiate limb regeneration but fail to form patterned limbs. Regenerated limbs mainly consist of cone-shaped cartilage without any joints or branches. These pattern defects are thought to be caused by loss of proper expressions of patterning-related genes. This study shows that hyperinnervation surgery resulted in the induction of a branching regenerate. The hyperinnervated blastema allows the identification and functional analysis of the molecules controlling this patterning of limb regeneration. This paper focuses on the nerve affects to improve Xenopus limb patterning ability during regeneration. The nerve molecules, which regulate limb patterning, were also investigated. Blastemas grown in a hyperinnervated forelimb upregulate limb patterning-related genes (shh, lmx1b, and hoxa13). Nerves projecting their axons to limbs express some growth factors (bmp7, fgf2, fgf8, and shh). Inputs of these factors to a blastema upregulated some limb patterning-related genes and resulted in changes in the cartilage patterns in the regenerates. These results indicate that additional nerve factors enhance Xenopus limb patterning-related gene expressions and limb regeneration ability, and that bmp, fgf, and shh are candidate nerve substitute factors.

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Species referenced: Xenopus laevis
Genes referenced: bmp7.1 ctrl drg1 eef1a1 fgf2 fgf8 hoxa11 hoxa13 lmx1b mapk1 pcna ptch1 shh smo tuba4b
GO keywords: limb development [+]
???displayArticle.antibodies??? Mapk1 Ab1 Smad1 Ab7 Tuba4b Ab3 Tuba4b Ab4


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