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	Figure 1. The dhurrin gene cluster in sorghum contains SbMATE2 and SbGST1, which are co-expressed with the biosynthetic genes.(a) genomic organisation of the dhurrin gene cluster. (b) RNA-Seq expression profiles for the dhurrin biosynthetic genes CYP79A1, CYP71E1, and UGT85B1, and for SbGST1 and SbMATE2, and two flanking genes. FPKM values (Fragments Per Kilobase Million) are indicated, for treatment details see Supplementary Table 1 (adapted from the MOROKOSHI transcriptome database).
	Figure 2. Tonoplast localisation of the SbMATE2-YFP fusion protein in epidermal cells and protoplasts of Nicotiana benthamiana.A SbMATE2-YFP fusion protein under the control of the 35S-CaMV promoter was transiently expressed in N. benthamiana using Agrobacterium infiltration. The SbMATE2-YFP construct was coinfiltrated with expression constructs for either: (a) At.γ-TIP-CFP, a marker for the vacuolar membrane, or (b) AtPIP2A-CFP, a marker for the plasma membrane38. The localisation of the fusion proteins was visualised using confocal microscopy, and the SbMATE-YFP signal co-localised with that of γ-TIP-CIP, showing a tonoplast localisation. Arrows indicate positions where the tonoplast is not adjacent to the plasma membrane. (c) Localisation of SbMATE2-YFP (in yellow) to the vacuolar membrane in isolated N. benthamiana protoplasts. Chloroplasts situated between the vacuolar and plasma membranes are visualised by their autofluorescence (in red).
	Figure 3. In a phylogenetic analysis SbMATE2 is part of a clade containing MATE transporters for flavonoids and alkaloids.A molecular phylogenetic analysis was performed using the Maximum Likelihood method based on the Jones-Taylor-Thornton (JTT) matrix-based model for amino acid sequences. Branch lengths are measured in the number of substitutions per site, and positions containing gaps were eliminated. Bootstrap values (1000x) are indicated at branch points. Analyses were conducted using the MEGA5 software package47. The amino sequences used in the analysis were: SbMATE2 (Sorghum bicolor, Sobic.001G012600), OsPEZ1 (Oryza sativa, Os03g37490), OsPEZ2 (O. sativa, Os03g0572900), OsMATE1 (O. sativa, Os03g08900), TT12 (Arabidopsis thaliana, At3g59030), FFT (A. thaliana, At4g25640), MdMATE1 (Malus domestica, GU64954), MdMATE2 (M. domestica, GU064956), MtMATE1 (Medicago truncatula, FJ858726), MtMATE2 (M. truncatula, HM856605), VvAM1 (Vitis vinifera, Fj264202), VvAM3 (V. vinifera, FJ264203), NtMATE1 (Nicotiana tabacum, AB286961), NtMATE2 (N. tabacum, AB286962), Nt-JAT1 (N. tabacum, AM991692), Nt-JAT2 (N. tabacum, AB922128), and ZmMATE2 (Zea mays, FJ873684). Coloured circles represent the transported compound classes: red = flavonoids, blue = alkaloids, purple = hydroxynitrile glucosides.
	Figure 4. SbMATE2 exports dhurrin and other hydroxynitrile glucosides from X. Laevis oocytes, but not cyanidin 3-O-glucoside. The bars show the relative content of the indicated plant specialised metabolites in SbMATE2 expressing (right bars) and non-expressing control (left bars) oocytes 90 min after injection of the respective compounds into the oocytes (means, ±s.e., statistical significant differences to control oocytes are indicated *p < 0.05). Each of the compound solutions was injected into 25–30 oocytes to an estimated internal concentration of 100 μM. Following incubation, oocytes were analysed in triplicates consisting of 7–10 oocytes. The compounds shown are the cyanogenic glucosides dhurrin, prunasin, amygdalin, epiheterodendrin, the non-cyanogenic β-hydroxynitrile glucoside epidermin, indol-3-yl-methyl glucosinolate (I3M), and the anthocyanin cyanidin 3-O-glucoside (C3G).

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