Click here to close
Hello! We notice that you are using Internet Explorer, which is not supported by Xenbase and may cause the site to display incorrectly.
We suggest using a current version of Chrome,
FireFox, or Safari.
Nat Nanotechnol
2016 Aug 01;118:719-23. doi: 10.1038/nnano.2016.62.
Show Gene links
Show Anatomy links
Spatiotemporal dynamics of the nuclear pore complex transport barrier resolved by high-speed atomic force microscopy.
Sakiyama Y
,
Mazur A
,
Kapinos LE
,
Lim RY
.
???displayArticle.abstract???
Nuclear pore complexes (NPCs) are biological nanomachines that mediate the bidirectional traffic of macromolecules between the cytoplasm and nucleus in eukaryotic cells. This process involves numerous intrinsically disordered, barrier-forming proteins known as phenylalanine-glycine nucleoporins (FG Nups) that are tethered inside each pore. The selective barrier mechanism has so far remained unresolved because the FG Nups have eluded direct structural analysis within NPCs. Here, high-speed atomic force microscopy is used to visualize the nanoscopic spatiotemporal dynamics of FG Nups inside Xenopus laevis oocyte NPCs at timescales of ∼100 ms. Our results show that the cytoplasmic orifice is circumscribed by highly flexible, dynamically fluctuating FG Nups that rapidly elongate and retract, consistent with the diffusive motion of tethered polypeptide chains. On this basis, intermingling FG Nups exhibit transient entanglements in the central channel, but do not cohere into a tightly crosslinked meshwork. Therefore, the basic functional form of the NPC barrier is comprised of highly dynamic FG Nups that manifest as a central plug or transporter when averaged in space and time.
Akey,
Visualization of transport-related configurations of the nuclear pore transporter.
1990, Pubmed
Akey,
Visualization of transport-related configurations of the nuclear pore transporter.
1990,
Pubmed
Ando,
Nuclear pore complex protein sequences determine overall copolymer brush structure and function.
2014,
Pubmed
Ando,
High-speed atomic force microscopy.
2013,
Pubmed
Beck,
Nuclear pore complex structure and dynamics revealed by cryoelectron tomography.
2004,
Pubmed
Bestembayeva,
Nanoscale stiffness topography reveals structure and mechanics of the transport barrier in intact nuclear pore complexes.
2015,
Pubmed
Cardarelli,
Capturing directed molecular motion in the nuclear pore complex of live cells.
2012,
Pubmed
Chatel,
Domain topology of nucleoporin Nup98 within the nuclear pore complex.
2012,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Chattopadhyay,
The kinetics of conformational fluctuations in an unfolded protein measured by fluorescence methods.
2005,
Pubmed
Dange,
Autonomy and robustness of translocation through the nuclear pore complex: a single-molecule study.
2008,
Pubmed
Eibauer,
Structure and gating of the nuclear pore complex.
2015,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Fahrenkrog,
Domain-specific antibodies reveal multiple-site topology of Nup153 within the nuclear pore complex.
2002,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Frey,
A saturated FG-repeat hydrogel can reproduce the permeability properties of nuclear pore complexes.
2007,
Pubmed
Fuxreiter,
Disordered proteinaceous machines.
2014,
Pubmed
Gamini,
Assembly of Nsp1 nucleoporins provides insight into nuclear pore complex gating.
2014,
Pubmed
Ghavami,
Probing the disordered domain of the nuclear pore complex through coarse-grained molecular dynamics simulations.
2014,
Pubmed
Grünwald,
In vivo imaging of labelled endogenous β-actin mRNA during nucleocytoplasmic transport.
2010,
Pubmed
Grünwald,
Nuclear export dynamics of RNA-protein complexes.
2011,
Pubmed
Hoh,
Functional protein domains from the thermally driven motion of polypeptide chains: a proposal.
1998,
Pubmed
Hough,
The molecular mechanism of nuclear transport revealed by atomic-scale measurements.
2015,
Pubmed
Hülsmann,
The permeability of reconstituted nuclear pores provides direct evidence for the selective phase model.
2012,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Kapinos,
Karyopherin-centric control of nuclear pores based on molecular occupancy and kinetic analysis of multivalent binding with FG nucleoporins.
2014,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Kodera,
Video imaging of walking myosin V by high-speed atomic force microscopy.
2010,
Pubmed
Kramer,
Atomic force microscopy visualises a hydrophobic meshwork in the central channel of the nuclear pore.
2008,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Kusumi,
Confined lateral diffusion of membrane receptors as studied by single particle tracking (nanovid microscopy). Effects of calcium-induced differentiation in cultured epithelial cells.
1993,
Pubmed
Lim,
Flexible phenylalanine-glycine nucleoporins as entropic barriers to nucleocytoplasmic transport.
2006,
Pubmed
Lim,
Nanomechanical basis of selective gating by the nuclear pore complex.
2007,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Ma,
Super-resolution 3D tomography of interactions and competition in the nuclear pore complex.
2016,
Pubmed
Ma,
Self-regulated viscous channel in the nuclear pore complex.
2012,
Pubmed
Milles,
Plasticity of an ultrafast interaction between nucleoporins and nuclear transport receptors.
2015,
Pubmed
Mincer,
Simulations of nuclear pore transport yield mechanistic insights and quantitative predictions.
2011,
Pubmed
Miyagi,
Visualization of intrinsically disordered regions of proteins by high-speed atomic force microscopy.
2008,
Pubmed
Osmanovic,
Bistable collective behavior of polymers tethered in a nanopore.
2012,
Pubmed
Peyro,
Nucleoporin's Like Charge Regions Are Major Regulators of FG Coverage and Dynamics Inside the Nuclear Pore Complex.
2015,
Pubmed
Popken,
Size-dependent leak of soluble and membrane proteins through the yeast nuclear pore complex.
2015,
Pubmed
Rout,
Virtual gating and nuclear transport: the hole picture.
2003,
Pubmed
Rout,
The yeast nuclear pore complex: composition, architecture, and transport mechanism.
2000,
Pubmed
Schmidt,
Transport Selectivity of Nuclear Pores, Phase Separation, and Membraneless Organelles.
2016,
Pubmed
Schmidt,
Nup98 FG domains from diverse species spontaneously phase-separate into particles with nuclear pore-like permselectivity.
2015,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Shahin,
Cellular transport: Gatekeepers of the nucleus.
2018,
Pubmed
Stoffler,
Calcium-mediated structural changes of native nuclear pore complexes monitored by time-lapse atomic force microscopy.
1999,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Stoffler,
Cryo-electron tomography provides novel insights into nuclear pore architecture: implications for nucleocytoplasmic transport.
2003,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Tagliazucchi,
Effect of charge, hydrophobicity, and sequence of nucleoporins on the translocation of model particles through the nuclear pore complex.
2013,
Pubmed
Uchihashi,
High-speed atomic force microscopy reveals rotary catalysis of rotorless F₁-ATPase.
2011,
Pubmed
Uchihashi,
Guide to video recording of structure dynamics and dynamic processes of proteins by high-speed atomic force microscopy.
2012,
Pubmed
Vesenka,
Colloidal gold particles as an incompressible atomic force microscope imaging standard for assessing the compressibility of biomolecules.
1993,
Pubmed
Windisch,
Balls and chains--a mesoscopic approach to tethered protein domains.
2006,
Pubmed
Yamada,
A bimodal distribution of two distinct categories of intrinsically disordered structures with separate functions in FG nucleoporins.
2010,
Pubmed
