Click here to close
Hello! We notice that you are using Internet Explorer, which is not supported by Xenbase and may cause the site to display incorrectly.
We suggest using a current version of Chrome,
FireFox, or Safari.
Nucleic Acids Res
2003 Jun 15;3112:3174-84. doi: 10.1093/nar/gkg429.
Show Gene links
Show Anatomy links
Ribosomes stalling on uORF1 in the Xenopus Cx41 5' UTR inhibit downstream translation initiation.
Meijer HA
,
Thomas AA
.
???displayArticle.abstract???
Translation of Xenopus laevis Connexin41 mRNA is strongly controlled by the three upstream open reading frames (uORFs) in its 5' untranslated region. Mutation of uAUG1 into AAG induced a 100-fold increase in translation of a green fluorescent protein (GFP) reporter ORF. The termination codon of uORF1 was mutated and the uORF was linked in-frame with the GFP ORF, enabling visualisation of initiation at uAUG1 by synthesis of an elongated GFP form. Unexpectedly, hardly any elongated GFP was made, suggesting that translation of uORF1 in wild-type mRNA causes constraining of the entry of 40S ribosomal subunits upstream of uORF1. A rare leucine codon, the third codon of uORF1, contributed to the slow translation and thus to slow scanning. Replacement of the rare leucine codon in uORF1 with a common leucine codon stimulated GFP translation. Remarkably, the rare leucine codon, the termination codon of uORF1, uAUG2 and uAUG3 all improved recognition of uAUG1. Apparently, the block formed by a stalled ribosome on any element in uORF1 prevented the landing of new ribosomal subunits next to the cap and therefore downregulated GFP translation.
Alderete,
Translational effects of mutations and polymorphisms in a repressive upstream open reading frame of the human cytomegalovirus UL4 gene.
1999, Pubmed
Alderete,
Translational effects of mutations and polymorphisms in a repressive upstream open reading frame of the human cytomegalovirus UL4 gene.
1999,
Pubmed
Asano,
A multifactor complex of eukaryotic initiation factors, eIF1, eIF2, eIF3, eIF5, and initiator tRNA(Met) is an important translation initiation intermediate in vivo.
2000,
Pubmed
Cao,
Inhibition of nascent-peptide release at translation termination.
1996,
Pubmed
Duret,
Expression pattern and, surprisingly, gene length shape codon usage in Caenorhabditis, Drosophila, and Arabidopsis.
1999,
Pubmed
Fang,
Evolutionarily conserved features of the arginine attenuator peptide provide the necessary requirements for its function in translational regulation.
2000,
Pubmed
Haas,
Codon usage limitation in the expression of HIV-1 envelope glycoprotein.
1996,
Pubmed
Harding,
Regulated translation initiation controls stress-induced gene expression in mammalian cells.
2000,
Pubmed
Kozak,
Pushing the limits of the scanning mechanism for initiation of translation.
2002,
Pubmed
Kozak,
How do eucaryotic ribosomes select initiation regions in messenger RNA?
1978,
Pubmed
Kozak,
Point mutations define a sequence flanking the AUG initiator codon that modulates translation by eukaryotic ribosomes.
1986,
Pubmed
Kozak,
Downstream secondary structure facilitates recognition of initiator codons by eukaryotic ribosomes.
1990,
Pubmed
Meijer,
Translational control of the Xenopus laevis connexin-41 5'-untranslated region by three upstream open reading frames.
2000,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Meijer,
Cloning and analysis of the untranslated regions of the Xenopus laevis Connexin30 mRNA.
2000,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Meijer,
Control of eukaryotic protein synthesis by upstream open reading frames in the 5'-untranslated region of an mRNA.
2002,
Pubmed
Morris,
Upstream open reading frames as regulators of mRNA translation.
2000,
Pubmed
Morton,
Selection on the codon bias of chloroplast and cyanelle genes in different plant and algal lineages.
1998,
Pubmed
Nakamura,
Codon usage tabulated from international DNA sequence databases: status for the year 2000.
2000,
Pubmed
Pesole,
Analysis of oligonucleotide AUG start codon context in eukariotic mRNAs.
2000,
Pubmed
Pooggin,
Role of a short open reading frame in ribosome shunt on the cauliflower mosaic virus RNA leader.
2000,
Pubmed
Raney,
Regulated translation termination at the upstream open reading frame in s-adenosylmethionine decarboxylase mRNA.
2002,
Pubmed
Reynolds,
Regulation of RAR beta 2 mRNA expression: evidence for an inhibitory peptide encoded in the 5'-untranslated region.
1996,
Pubmed
Sarrazin,
Negative and translation termination-dependent positive control of FLI-1 protein synthesis by conserved overlapping 5' upstream open reading frames in Fli-1 mRNA.
2000,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Schreier,
Initiation of mammalian protein synthesis. I. Purification and characterization of seven initiation factors.
1977,
Pubmed
van der Velden,
Controlled translation initiation on insulin-like growth factor 2-leader 1 during Xenopus laevis embryogenesis.
2000,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
van der Velden,
Vector design for optimal protein expression.
2001,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase