Click here to close Hello! We notice that you are using Internet Explorer, which is not supported by Xenbase and may cause the site to display incorrectly. We suggest using a current version of Chrome, FireFox, or Safari.
XB-ART-51218
Am J Hum Genet 2015 Sep 03;973:378-88. doi: 10.1016/j.ajhg.2015.07.007.
Show Gene links Show Anatomy links

Gain-of-Function Mutations in ZIC1 Are Associated with Coronal Craniosynostosis and Learning Disability.

Twigg SR , Forecki J , Goos JA , Richardson IC , Hoogeboom AJ , van den Ouweland AM , Swagemakers SM , Lequin MH , Van Antwerp D , McGowan SJ , Westbury I , Miller KA , Wall SA , WGS500 Consortium , van der Spek PJ , Mathijssen IM , Pauws E , Merzdorf CS , Wilkie AO .


???displayArticle.abstract???
Human ZIC1 (zinc finger protein of cerebellum 1), one of five homologs of the Drosophila pair-rule gene odd-paired, encodes a transcription factor previously implicated in vertebrate brain development. Heterozygous deletions of ZIC1 and its nearby paralog ZIC4 on chromosome 3q25.1 are associated with Dandy-Walker malformation of the cerebellum, and loss of the orthologous Zic1 gene in the mouse causes cerebellar hypoplasia and vertebral defects. We describe individuals from five families with heterozygous mutations located in the final (third) exon of ZIC1 (encoding four nonsense and one missense change) who have a distinct phenotype in which severe craniosynostosis, specifically involving the coronal sutures, and variable learning disability are the most characteristic features. The location of the nonsense mutations predicts escape of mutant ZIC1 transcripts from nonsense-mediated decay, which was confirmed in a cell line from an affected individual. Both nonsense and missense mutations are associated with altered and/or enhanced expression of a target gene, engrailed-2, in a Xenopus embryo assay. Analysis of mouse embryos revealed a localized domain of Zic1 expression at embryonic days 11.5-12.5 in a region overlapping the supraorbital regulatory center, which patterns the coronal suture. We conclude that the human mutations uncover a previously unsuspected role for Zic1 in early cranial suture development, potentially by regulating engrailed 1, which was previously shown to be critical for positioning of the murine coronal suture. The diagnosis of a ZIC1 mutation has significant implications for prognosis and we recommend genetic testing when common causes of coronal synostosis have been excluded.

???displayArticle.pubmedLink??? 26340333
???displayArticle.pmcLink??? PMC4564895
???displayArticle.link??? Am J Hum Genet
???displayArticle.grants??? [+]

Species referenced: Xenopus laevis
Genes referenced: en1 tcf3 zic1 zic2 zic4 zic5

???displayArticle.omims??? SHPRINTZEN-GOLDBERG CRANIOSYNOSTOSIS SYNDROME; SGS [+]

???attribute.lit??? ???displayArticles.show???
References [+] :
Ali, Zinc fingers of the cerebellum (Zic): transcription factors and co-factors. 2012, Pubmed