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PLoS One
2014 Aug 05;98:e102824. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0102824.
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Characterisation of major histocompatibility complex class I in the Australian cane toad, Rhinella marina.
Lillie M
,
Shine R
,
Belov K
.
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The Major Histocompatibility Complex (MHC) class I is a highly variable gene family that encodes cell-surface receptors vital for recognition of intracellular pathogens and initiation of immune responses. The MHC class I has yet to be characterised in bufonid toads (Order: Anura; Suborder: Neobatrachia; Family: Bufonidae), a large and diverse family of anurans. Here we describe the characterisation of a classical MHC class I gene in the Australian cane toad, Rhinella marina. From 25 individuals sampled from the Australian population, we found only 3 alleles at this classical class I locus. We also found large number of class I alpha 1 alleles, implying an expansion of class I loci in this species. The low classical class I genetic diversity is likely the result of repeated bottleneck events, which arose as a result of the cane toad's complex history of introductions as a biocontrol agent and its subsequent invasion across Australia.
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25093458
???displayArticle.pmcLink???PMC4122387 ???displayArticle.link???PLoS One
Figure 2. Phylogenetic tree comparing Rhinella marina MHC class I to other vertebrates.Maximum likelihood phylogenetic tree using General Time Reversible model of nucleotide substitution with invariant sites (rooted on midpoint) of MHC class I in cane toad, Rhinella marina, African clawed frog, Xenopus laevis, northern leopard frog, Rana pipiens, Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar, whitespotted bamboo shark, Chiloscyllium plagiosum, nurse shark, Ginglymostoma cirratum, chicken, Gallus gallus, platypus, Ornithorhynchus anatinus, gray short-tailed opossum, Monodelphis domestica, red-necked wallaby, Macropus rufogriseus, common chimpanzee, Pan troglodytes, and human, Homo sapiens. Sequence titles include Genbank accessions.
Figure 3. Amino acid alignment of MHC class I alpha 1 domain and alpha 2 domain variants.Putative peptide binding sites are indicated with * under each alignment.
Figure 4. Phylogenetic trees for MHC class I alpha 1 domain and alpha 2 domain.Maximum likelihood phylogenetic trees using General Time Reversible model of nucleotide substitution with invariant sites (rooted on midpoint) comparing Rhinella marina (Rhma) to other anuran species (Xenopus laevis, Xela; Silurana tropicalis, Sitr; Rana temporaria, Rate; Agalychnis callidryas, Agca; Espadarana prosoblepon, Espr; Smilisca phaeota, Smph; Lithobates catesbeianus, Lica; L. clamitans, Licl; L. yavapaiensis, Liya) and axolotl (Ambystoma mexicanium, Amme). Sequence titles include Genbank accessions.
Figure 1. Amino acid alignment of anuran MHC class I.ClustalW alignment of MHC class I from Rhinella marina, Rana pipiens (MHC class I clone R6 Genbank accession no.: AF185587 and R9: AF185588) and Xenopus laevis (MHC class I haplotype g: AF188579; haplotype f: AF188580; haplotype r: AF188582 and haplotype j: AF188586); * indicate putative peptide binding residues as predicted from Flajnik et al. 1999.
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