Click here to close
Hello! We notice that you are using Internet Explorer, which is not supported by Xenbase and may cause the site to display incorrectly.
We suggest using a current version of Chrome,
FireFox, or Safari.
J Fertili In Vitro
2012 Oct 19;24:. doi: 10.4172/2165-7491.1000112.
Show Gene links
Show Anatomy links
Nuclear routing networks span between nuclear pore complexes and genomic DNA to guide nucleoplasmic trafficking of biomolecules.
Malecki M
,
Malecki B
.
???displayArticle.abstract???
In health and disease, biomolecules, which are involved in gene expression, recombination, or reprogramming have to traffic through the nucleoplasm, between nuclear pore complexes (NPCs) and genomic DNA (gDNA). This trafficking is guided by the recently revealed nuclear routing networks (NRNs).In this study, we aimed to investigate, if the NRNs have established associations with the genomic DNA in situ and if the NRNs have capabilities to bind the DNA de novo. Moreover, we aimed to study further, if nucleoplasmic trafficking of the histones, rRNA, and transgenes' vectors, between the NPCs and gDNA, is guided by the NRNs.We used Xenopus laevis oocytes as the model system. We engineered the transgenes' DNA vectors equipped with the SV40 LTA nuclear localization signals (NLS) and/or HIV Rev nuclear export signals (NES). We purified histones, 5S rRNA, and gDNA. We rendered all these molecules superparamagnetic and fluorescent for detection with nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), total reflection x-ray fluorescence (TXRF), energy dispersive x-ray spectroscopy (EDXS), and electron energy loss spectroscopy (EELS).The NRNs span between the NPCs and genomic DNA. They form firm bonds with the gDNA in situ. After complete digestion of the nucleic acids with the RNases and DNases, the newly added DNA - modified with the dNTP analogs, bonds firmly to the NRNs. Moreover, the NRNs guide the trafficking of the DNA transgenes' vectors - modified with the SV40 LTA NLS, following their import into the nuclei through the NPCs. The pathway is identical to that of histones. The NRNs also guide the trafficking of the DNA transgenes' vectors, modified with the HIV Rev NES, to the NPCs, followed by their export out of the nuclei. Ribosomal RNAs follow the same pathway.To summarize, the NRNs are the structures connecting the NPCs and the gDNA. They guide the trafficking of the biomolecules between the NPCs and the gDNA.
Agarwal,
Heterologous expression of Translocated promoter region protein, Tpr, identified as a transcription factor from Rattus norvegicus.
2011, Pubmed
Agarwal,
Heterologous expression of Translocated promoter region protein, Tpr, identified as a transcription factor from Rattus norvegicus.
2011,
Pubmed
Ahmed,
Global chromatin architecture reflects pluripotency and lineage commitment in the early mouse embryo.
2010,
Pubmed
Alzhanova-Ericsson,
A protein of the SR family of splicing factors binds extensively to exonic Balbiani ring pre-mRNA and accompanies the RNA from the gene to the nuclear pore.
1996,
Pubmed
Asally,
Nup358, a nucleoporin, functions as a key determinant of the nuclear pore complex structure remodeling during skeletal myogenesis.
2011,
Pubmed
Bastos,
Targeting and function in mRNA export of nuclear pore complex protein Nup153.
1996,
Pubmed
Brown,
High-fidelity transcription of 5S DNA injected into Xenopus oocytes.
1977,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Brown,
Gene linkage by RNA-DNA hybridization. I. Unique DNA sequences homologous to 4 s RNA, 5 s RNA and ribosomal RNA.
1968,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Bunting,
Targeting genes for self-excision in the germ line.
1999,
Pubmed
Capecchi,
How close are we to implementing gene targeting in animals other than the mouse?
2000,
Pubmed
Capelson,
Chromatin-bound nuclear pore components regulate gene expression in higher eukaryotes.
2010,
Pubmed
Chatel,
Domain topology of nucleoporin Nup98 within the nuclear pore complex.
2012,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Cohen,
How viruses access the nucleus.
2011,
Pubmed
Cordes,
Intranuclear filaments containing a nuclear pore complex protein.
1993,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Cremer,
Chromosome territories, nuclear architecture and gene regulation in mammalian cells.
2001,
Pubmed
Cullen,
Nuclear RNA export.
2003,
Pubmed
D'Angelo,
A change in nuclear pore complex composition regulates cell differentiation.
2012,
Pubmed
Destrée,
Analysis of histones from different tissues and embryos of Xenopus laevis (daudin). I. Technical problems in the purification of undegraded native total histone preparations.
1972,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Eisele,
Ultrathin nucleoporin phenylalanine-glycine repeat films and their interaction with nuclear transport receptors.
2010,
Pubmed
Enarson,
Amino-terminal sequences that direct nucleoporin nup153 to the inner surface of the nuclear envelope.
1998,
Pubmed
Fawcett,
On the occurrence of a fibrous lamina on the inner aspect of the nuclear envelope in certain cells of vertebrates.
1966,
Pubmed
Fiserova,
Facilitated transport and diffusion take distinct spatial routes through the nuclear pore complex.
2010,
Pubmed
Ford,
A method for enucleating oocytes of Xenopus laevis.
1977,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Franke,
The nuclear envelope and the architecture of the nuclear periphery.
1981,
Pubmed
Funasaka,
The role of nuclear pore complex in tumor microenvironment and metastasis.
2011,
Pubmed
García-Oliver,
mRNA export and gene expression: the SAGA-TREX-2 connection.
2012,
Pubmed
Goldberg,
The nuclear pore complex and lamina: three-dimensional structures and interactions determined by field emission in-lens scanning electron microscopy.
1996,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Grünwald,
Nuclear export dynamics of RNA-protein complexes.
2011,
Pubmed
Gurdon,
Nuclear transplantation and gene injection in amphibia.
,
Pubmed
Gurdon,
Methods for nuclear transplantation in amphibia.
1977,
Pubmed
Hay,
Fine structure of the nucleolus in normal and mutant Xenopus embryos.
1967,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Hirano,
Site-specific recombinases as tools for heterologous gene integration.
2011,
Pubmed
Huang,
The dynamic organization of the perinucleolar compartment in the cell nucleus.
1997,
Pubmed
Jamali,
Nuclear pore complex: biochemistry and biophysics of nucleocytoplasmic transport in health and disease.
2011,
Pubmed
Johnson,
Herpesviruses remodel host membranes for virus egress.
2011,
Pubmed
Kalverda,
Nucleoporins directly stimulate expression of developmental and cell-cycle genes inside the nucleoplasm.
2010,
Pubmed
Kalverda,
Characterization of genome-nucleoporin interactions in Drosophila links chromatin insulators to the nuclear pore complex.
2010,
Pubmed
Kiseleva,
Actin- and protein-4.1-containing filaments link nuclear pore complexes to subnuclear organelles in Xenopus oocyte nuclei.
2004,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Kosova,
Mlp2p, a component of nuclear pore attached intranuclear filaments, associates with nic96p.
2000,
Pubmed
Krohne,
A monoclonal antibody against nuclear lamina proteins reveals cell type-specificity in Xenopus laevis.
1984,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Köhler,
Gene regulation by nucleoporins and links to cancer.
2010,
Pubmed
Lawrence,
Highly localized tracks of specific transcripts within interphase nuclei visualized by in situ hybridization.
1989,
Pubmed
Liang,
Functional interactions between nucleoporins and chromatin.
2011,
Pubmed
Löschberger,
Super-resolution imaging visualizes the eightfold symmetry of gp210 proteins around the nuclear pore complex and resolves the central channel with nanometer resolution.
2012,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Major,
Expression of nucleocytoplasmic transport machinery: clues to regulation of spermatogenic development.
2011,
Pubmed
Malecki,
Preparation of plasmid DNA in transfection complexes for fluorescence and electron spectroscopic imaging.
1996,
Pubmed
Malecki,
Routing of Biomolecules and Transgenes' Vectors in Nuclei of Oocytes.
2012,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Malecki,
Isolation of single, intact chromosomes from single, selected ovarian cancer cells for in situ hybridization and sequencing.
2012,
Pubmed
Malecki,
Molecular immunolabeling with recombinant single-chain variable fragment (scFv) antibodies designed with metal-binding domains.
2002,
Pubmed
Malecki,
High voltage electron microscopy and low voltage scanning electron microscopy of human neoplastic cell culture.
1991,
Pubmed
Markaki,
Functional nuclear organization of transcription and DNA replication: a topographical marriage between chromatin domains and the interchromatin compartment.
2010,
Pubmed
Meier,
Nopp140 shuttles on tracks between nucleolus and cytoplasm.
1992,
Pubmed
Melcák,
Nuclear pre-mRNA compartmentalization: trafficking of released transcripts to splicing factor reservoirs.
2000,
Pubmed
Milles,
Single molecule study of the intrinsically disordered FG-repeat nucleoporin 153.
2011,
Pubmed
Miyamoto,
Nuclear actin and transcriptional activation.
2011,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Montpetit,
Cell biology. An alternative route for nuclear mRNP export by membrane budding.
2012,
Pubmed
Mor,
Dynamics and kinetics of nucleo-cytoplasmic mRNA export.
2010,
Pubmed
Murti,
Highly localized tracks of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 Nef in the nucleus of cells of a human CD4+ T-cell line.
1993,
Pubmed
Nagel,
Stably integrated and expressed retroviral sequences can influence nuclear location and chromatin condensation of the integration locus.
2012,
Pubmed
Nakielny,
Transportin: nuclear transport receptor of a novel nuclear protein import pathway.
1996,
Pubmed
Nowrouzi,
Retroviral vectors: post entry events and genomic alterations.
2011,
Pubmed
Politz,
Intranuclear diffusion and hybridization state of oligonucleotides measured by fluorescence correlation spectroscopy in living cells.
1998,
Pubmed
Rajanala,
Localization of nucleoporin Tpr to the nuclear pore complex is essential for Tpr mediated regulation of the export of unspliced RNA.
2012,
Pubmed
Ris,
High-resolution field emission scanning electron microscope imaging of internal cell structures after Epon extraction from sections: a new approach to correlative ultrastructural and immunocytochemical studies.
1993,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Rodriguez,
Nuclear export of RNA.
2004,
Pubmed
Sarma,
The nuclear pore complex mediates binding of the Mig1 repressor to target promoters.
2011,
Pubmed
Singer,
Compartmentalization of eukaryotic gene expression: causes and effects.
1997,
Pubmed
Stelter,
Probing the nucleoporin FG repeat network defines structural and functional features of the nuclear pore complex.
2011,
Pubmed
Strambio-de-Castillia,
Proteins connecting the nuclear pore complex with the nuclear interior.
1999,
Pubmed
Takeda,
Nuclear exportin receptor CAS regulates the NPI-1-mediated nuclear import of HIV-1 Vpr.
2011,
Pubmed
Turan,
Site-specific recombinases: from tag-and-target- to tag-and-exchange-based genomic modifications.
2011,
Pubmed
Turner,
Nuclear export of proteins and drug resistance in cancer.
2012,
Pubmed
Ullman,
The nucleoporin nup153 plays a critical role in multiple types of nuclear export.
1999,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Wan,
The nuclear matrix prepared by amine modification.
1999,
Pubmed
Xue,
A targeted neuroglial reporter line generated by homologous recombination in human embryonic stem cells.
2009,
Pubmed
Zimowska,
A Drosophila Tpr protein homolog is localized both in the extrachromosomal channel network and to nuclear pore complexes.
1997,
Pubmed