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New tricks of an old pattern: structural versatility of scorpion toxins with common cysteine spacing.
Saucedo AL
,
Flores-Solis D
,
Rodríguez de la Vega RC
,
Ramírez-Cordero B
,
Hernández-López R
,
Cano-Sánchez P
,
Noriega Navarro R
,
García-Valdés J
,
Coronas-Valderrama F
,
de Roodt A
,
Brieba LG
,
Domingos Possani L
,
del Río-Portilla F
.
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Scorpion venoms are a rich source of K(+) channel-blocking peptides. For the most part, they are structurally related small disulfide-rich proteins containing a conserved pattern of six cysteines that is assumed to dictate their common three-dimensional folding. In the conventional pattern, two disulfide bridges connect an α-helical segment to the C-terminal strand of a double- or triple-stranded β-sheet, conforming a cystine-stabilized α/β scaffold (CSα/β). Here we show that two K(+) channel-blocking peptides from Tityus scorpions conserve the cysteine spacing of common scorpion venom peptides but display an unconventional disulfide pattern, accompanied by a complete rearrangement of the secondary structure topology into a CS helix-loop-helix fold. Sequence and structural comparisons of the peptides adopting this novel fold suggest that it would be a new elaboration of the widespread CSα/β scaffold, thus revealing an unexpected structural versatility of these small disulfide-rich proteins. Acknowledgment of such versatility is important to understand how venom structural complexity emerged on a limited number of molecular scaffolds.
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