Click here to close
Hello! We notice that you are using Internet Explorer, which is not supported by Xenbase and may cause the site to display incorrectly.
We suggest using a current version of Chrome,
FireFox, or Safari.
PLoS One
2011 Jan 07;61:e16220. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0016220.
Show Gene links
Show Anatomy links
Effects of thioglycolic acid on parthenogenetic activation of Xenopus oocytes.
Wang Z
,
Ren X
,
Wang D
,
Guan Y
,
Xia L
.
???displayArticle.abstract???
Existing in Permanent-wave solutions (PWS), thioglycolic acid (TGA) is widely used in hairdressing industry for its contribution to hair styling. However, the toxicity of TGA, especially its reproductive toxicity, gradually calls the attention of more and more researchers. In this work, xenopus oocytes were pretreated with different concentration of TGA, and then activated by calcium ionophore A23187. During culture, the oocytes activation rates were taken note at different time after adding calcium ionophore A23187. At the end of the culture period, the nuclear status was detected under confocal microscope. In addition, some other samples were collected for Western-Blotting analysis. TGA significantly inhibited the oocytes activation rate and pronuclear formation. It may be resulted from the inhibition of the degradation of p-ERK1, Mos and CyclinB2. TGA inhibits in vitro parthenogenetic activation of xenopus oocytes with inhibited the degradation of proteins involved in mitogenic-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and maturation-promoting factor (MPF) pathways.
???displayArticle.pubmedLink???
21297954
???displayArticle.pmcLink???PMC3031513 ???displayArticle.link???PLoS One
Figure 2. Effect of TGA on the fertilization coat formation of xenopus oocytes.
(A) An unfertilized egg which arrested in MII, there is a white spot on the animal pole; (B) An parthenogenetic activated egg induced by 2 /ml calcium ionophore A23187 without TGA treatment. (C) An partheogenetic activated egg induced by 2 /ml calcium ionophore A23187 pretreated with 125 /ml TGA for 2 h.
Figure 1. Effect of TGA on calcium ionophore A23187 induced parthenogenetic activation rate of xenopus oocytes in vitro.Xenopus MII oocytes were firstly pretreated with different dose of TGA (0, 5, 25, 125 µg/ml), after rinsed off TGA with MMR, the oocytes were then activated by 2 µg/ml calcium ionophore A23187. Oocytes activation was closely monitored after the addition of A23187. The activation rates were counted at the indicated time point (10, 20, 30, 60 min after A23187 addition).
Figure 3. Effect of TGA on the pronuclear formation of xenopus oocytes.Ooytes were activated with A23187, 1 h after the addition of the stimulus, oocytes were fixed, stained with Hochest 33258 and examined under confocal microscope. (A)Pronucleus could be observed (marked by the white arrow) in the control group which was not treated with TGA. (B) Oocytes treated with 125 µg/ml TGA failed to form pronucleus.
Figure 4. Expression of proteins involve in MPF and MAPK in xenopus oocytes at different time after the addition of calcium ionophore A23187 without TGA treatment.
Figure 5. Effects of TGA on the expression of proteins involved in MPF and MAPK during the process of parthenogenetic activation.Oocytes were homogenized 1 h after calcium ionophore A23187 addition and immunoblotted with the indicated antibodies. Actin was used as a control for protein loading.
Figure 6. Effects of TGA on the expression of proteins involved in MPF and MAPK during the process of parthenogenetic activation.The bar graph shows the relative quantification of band intensity. Significance indicated by *p<.05, **p<.01, compared with TGA 0 µg/ml group.
Abrieu,
MAP kinase does not inactivate, but rather prevents the cyclin degradation pathway from being turned on in Xenopus egg extracts.
1996, Pubmed,
Xenbase
Abrieu,
MAP kinase does not inactivate, but rather prevents the cyclin degradation pathway from being turned on in Xenopus egg extracts.
1996,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Becker,
Visualization of the cytoskeleton in Xenopus oocytes and eggs by confocal immunofluorescence microscopy.
2006,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Bhatt,
The protein kinase p90 rsk as an essential mediator of cytostatic factor activity.
1999,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Castro,
Involvement of Aurora A kinase during meiosis I-II transition in Xenopus oocytes.
2003,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Colledge,
Disruption of c-mos causes parthenogenetic development of unfertilized mouse eggs.
1994,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Dumont,
Oogenesis in Xenopus laevis (Daudin). I. Stages of oocyte development in laboratory maintained animals.
1972,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Dumont,
p90Rsk is not involved in cytostatic factor arrest in mouse oocytes.
2005,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Gan,
A survey on health effects in a human population exposed to permanent-waving solution containing thioglycolic acid.
2003,
Pubmed
Gautier,
Cyclin is a component of maturation-promoting factor from Xenopus.
1990,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Glotzer,
Cyclin is degraded by the ubiquitin pathway.
1991,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Hill,
Isolation and characterization of the Xenopus oocyte plasma membrane: a new method for studying activity of water and solute transporters.
2005,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Hou,
Thioglycolic acid inhibits mouse oocyte maturation and affects chromosomal arrangement and spindle configuration.
2008,
Pubmed
Iwao,
Activation of Xenopus eggs by RGD-containing peptides accompanied by intracellular Ca2+ release.
1996,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Kersemaekers,
Reproductive disorders among hairdressers.
1997,
Pubmed
Peters,
Fertility disorders and pregnancy complications in hairdressers - a systematic review.
2010,
Pubmed
Propst,
c-mos proto-oncogene RNA transcripts in mouse tissues: structural features, developmental regulation, and localization in specific cell types.
1987,
Pubmed
Rylander,
Reproductive outcome among female hairdressers.
2002,
Pubmed
Sagata,
Function of c-mos proto-oncogene product in meiotic maturation in Xenopus oocytes.
1988,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Sun,
Mitogen-activated protein kinase and cell cycle progression during mouse egg activation induced by various stimuli.
1999,
Pubmed
Sun,
Protein kinase inhibitors induce the interphase transition by inactivating mitogen-activated protein kinase in mouse eggs.
1998,
Pubmed
Tatemoto,
Mitogen-activated protein kinase regulates normal transition from metaphase to interphase following parthenogenetic activation in porcine oocytes.
2001,
Pubmed
Zhang,
Effects of thioglycolic acid on progesterone-induced maturation of Xenopus oocytes.
2009,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase