Click here to close
Hello! We notice that you are using Internet Explorer, which is not supported by Xenbase and may cause the site to display incorrectly.
We suggest using a current version of Chrome,
FireFox, or Safari.
Mol Cell Neurosci
2011 Jan 01;461:340-6. doi: 10.1016/j.mcn.2010.10.006.
Show Gene links
Show Anatomy links
Diffusion and light-dependent compartmentalization of transducin.
Kerov V
,
Artemyev NO
.
???displayArticle.abstract???
Diffusion and light-dependent compartmentalization of transducin are essential for phototransduction and light adaptation of rod photoreceptors. Here, transgenic Xenopus laevis models were designed to probe the roles of transducin/rhodopsin interactions and lipid modifications in transducin compartmentalization, membrane mobility, and light-induced translocation. Localization and diffusion of EGFP-fused rod transducin-α subunit (Gα(t1)), mutant Gα(t1) that is predicted to be N-acylated and S-palmitoylated (Gα(t1)A3C), and mutant Gα(t1) uncoupled from light-activated rhodopsin (Gα(t1)-Ctα(s)), were examined by EGFP-fluorescence imaging and fluorescence recovery after photobleaching (FRAP). Similar to Gα(t1), Gα(t1)A3C and Gα(t1)-Ctα(s) were correctly targeted to the rod outer segments in the dark, however the light-dependent translocation of both mutants was markedly impaired. Our analysis revealed a moderate acceleration of the lateral diffusion for the activated Gα(t1) consistent with the diffusion of the separated Gα(t1)GTP and Gβ(1)γ(1) on the membrane surface. Unexpectedly, the kinetics of longitudinal diffusion were comparable for Gα(t1)GTP with a single lipid anchor and heterotrimeric Gα(t1)β(1)γ(1) or Gα(t1)-Ctα(s)β(1)γ(1) with two lipid modifications. This contrasted the lack of the longitudinal diffusion of the Gα(t1)A3C mutant apparently caused by its stable two lipid attachment to the membrane and suggests the existence of a mechanism that facilitates axial diffusion of Gα(t1)β(1)γ(1).
Alves,
Phosphatidylethanolamine enhances rhodopsin photoactivation and transducin binding in a solid supported lipid bilayer as determined using plasmon-waveguide resonance spectroscopy.
2005, Pubmed
Alves,
Phosphatidylethanolamine enhances rhodopsin photoactivation and transducin binding in a solid supported lipid bilayer as determined using plasmon-waveguide resonance spectroscopy.
2005,
Pubmed
Artemyev,
Light-dependent compartmentalization of transducin in rod photoreceptors.
2008,
Pubmed
Bigay,
Roles of lipid modifications of transducin subunits in their GDP-dependent association and membrane binding.
1994,
Pubmed
Bourne,
How receptors talk to trimeric G proteins.
1997,
Pubmed
Burns,
Beyond counting photons: trials and trends in vertebrate visual transduction.
2005,
Pubmed
Calvert,
Diffusion of a soluble protein, photoactivatable GFP, through a sensory cilium.
2010,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Calvert,
Membrane protein diffusion sets the speed of rod phototransduction.
2001,
Pubmed
Calvert,
Light-driven translocation of signaling proteins in vertebrate photoreceptors.
2006,
Pubmed
Chen,
Regulation of G proteins by covalent modification.
2001,
Pubmed
Cornwall,
Bleached pigment activates transduction in isolated rods of the salamander retina.
1994,
Pubmed
Fanelli,
Rhodopsin activation follows precoupling with transducin: inferences from computational analysis.
2005,
Pubmed
Fu,
Phototransduction in mouse rods and cones.
2007,
Pubmed
Giessl,
Centrins, gatekeepers for the light-dependent translocation of transducin through the photoreceptor cell connecting cilium.
2006,
Pubmed
Govardovskii,
Lateral diffusion of rhodopsin in photoreceptor membrane: a reappraisal.
2009,
Pubmed
Hughes,
Visualization of a functional Galpha q-green fluorescent protein fusion in living cells. Association with the plasma membrane is disrupted by mutational activation and by elimination of palmitoylation sites, but not be activation mediated by receptors or AlF4-.
2001,
Pubmed
Jin,
An improved rhodopsin/EGFP fusion protein for use in the generation of transgenic Xenopus laevis.
2003,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Kerov,
Transducin activation state controls its light-dependent translocation in rod photoreceptors.
2005,
Pubmed
Kosloff,
Electrostatic and lipid anchor contributions to the interaction of transducin with membranes: mechanistic implications for activation and translocation.
2008,
Pubmed
Kroll,
Transgenic Xenopus embryos from sperm nuclear transplantations reveal FGF signaling requirements during gastrulation.
1996,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Lamb,
Phototransduction, dark adaptation, and rhodopsin regeneration the proctor lecture.
2006,
Pubmed
Leskov,
The gain of rod phototransduction: reconciliation of biochemical and electrophysiological measurements.
2000,
Pubmed
Lobanova,
Transducin translocation in rods is triggered by saturation of the GTPase-activating complex.
2007,
Pubmed
Mani,
Xenopus rhodopsin promoter. Identification of immediate upstream sequences necessary for high level, rod-specific transcription.
2001,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Melia,
A comparison of the efficiency of G protein activation by ligand-free and light-activated forms of rhodopsin.
1997,
Pubmed
Moritz,
A functional rhodopsin-green fluorescent protein fusion protein localizes correctly in transgenic Xenopus laevis retinal rods and is expressed in a time-dependent pattern.
2001,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Muradov,
Characterization of human cone phosphodiesterase-6 ectopically expressed in Xenopus laevis rods.
2009,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Nair,
Light-dependent redistribution of arrestin in vertebrate rods is an energy-independent process governed by protein-protein interactions.
2005,
Pubmed
Natochin,
Probing the mechanism of rhodopsin-catalyzed transducin activation.
2001,
Pubmed
Norton,
Evaluation of the 17-kDa prenyl-binding protein as a regulatory protein for phototransduction in retinal photoreceptors.
2005,
Pubmed
Oldham,
Mechanism of the receptor-catalyzed activation of heterotrimeric G proteins.
2006,
Pubmed
Poo,
Lateral diffusion of rhodopsin in the photoreceptor membrane.
1974,
Pubmed
Pugh,
Amplification and kinetics of the activation steps in phototransduction.
1993,
Pubmed
Rosenzweig,
Subunit dissociation and diffusion determine the subcellular localization of rod and cone transducins.
2007,
Pubmed
Saffman,
Brownian motion in biological membranes.
1975,
Pubmed
Scheerer,
Crystal structure of opsin in its G-protein-interacting conformation.
2008,
Pubmed
Slepak,
Mechanism of light-induced translocation of arrestin and transducin in photoreceptors: interaction-restricted diffusion.
2008,
Pubmed
Sokolov,
Massive light-driven translocation of transducin between the two major compartments of rod cells: a novel mechanism of light adaptation.
2002,
Pubmed
Sokolov,
Phosducin facilitates light-driven transducin translocation in rod photoreceptors. Evidence from the phosducin knockout mouse.
2004,
Pubmed
Wang,
Activation-dependent hindrance of photoreceptor G protein diffusion by lipid microdomains.
2008,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Wedegaertner,
Lipid modifications of trimeric G proteins.
1995,
Pubmed
Wey,
Lateral diffusion of rhodopsin in photoreceptor cells measured by fluorescence photobleaching and recovery.
1981,
Pubmed
