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BMC Pharmacol
2008 Jun 13;8:11. doi: 10.1186/1471-2210-8-11.
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Pharmacological Properties of DOV 315,090, an ocinaplon metabolite.
Berezhnoy D
,
Gravielle MC
,
Downing S
,
Kostakis E
,
Basile AS
,
Skolnick P
,
Gibbs TT
,
Farb DH
.
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Compounds targeting the benzodiazepine binding site of the GABAA-R are widely prescribed for the treatment of anxiety disorders, epilepsy, and insomnia as well as for pre-anesthetic sedation and muscle relaxation. It has been hypothesized that these various pharmacological effects are mediated by different GABAA-R subtypes. If this hypothesis is correct, then it may be possible to develop compounds targeting particular GABAA-R subtypes as, for example, selective anxiolytics with a diminished side effect profile. The pyrazolo[1,5-a]-pyrimidine ocinaplon is anxioselective in both preclinical studies and in patients with generalized anxiety disorder, but does not exhibit the selectivity between alpha1/alpha2-containing receptors for an anxioselective that is predicted by studies using transgenic mice. We hypothesized that the pharmacological properties of ocinaplon in vivo might be influenced by an active biotransformation product with greater selectivity for the alpha2 subunit relative to alpha1. One hour after administration of ocinaplon, the plasma concentration of its primary biotransformation product, DOV 315,090, is 38% of the parent compound. The pharmacological properties of DOV 315,090 were assessed using radioligand binding studies and two-electrode voltage clamp electrophysiology. We report that DOV 315,090 possesses modulatory activity at GABAA-Rs, but that its selectivity profile is similar to that of ocinaplon. These findings imply that DOV 315,090 could contribute to the action of ocinaplon in vivo, but that the anxioselective properties of ocinaplon cannot be readily explained by a subtype selective effect/action of DOV 315,090. Further inquiry is required to identify the extent to which different subtypes are involved in the anxiolytic and other pharmacological effects of GABAA-R modulators.
Figure 1. Structures of diazepam, ocinaplon and DOV 315,090.
Figure 2. Pharmacokinetics of ocinaplon and DOV 315,090. Blood levels of ocinaplon (●,○) and DOV 315090 (▲,△) were determined at various times after i.v. (●,▲) or oral (○,△) administration of 5 mg/kg ocinaplon to rats. Plotted results do not include one animal that exhibited a low blood level (0.47 μg/ml) of ocinaplon at the initial 10 min time point after oral administration and proportionally lower levels of both compounds throughout the duration of the experiment. This animal may have regurgitated a portion of the dose (of the suspension).
Figure 3. Displacement curves of [3H]Ro 15–1788 binding by diazepam (DZ), ocinaplon and DOV 315,090 in homogenates of HEK293 cells transfected with different subunit combinations. Smooth curves are calculated from the mean parameter values in Table 1.
Figure 4. Potentiation of GABA-gated currents by diazepam, ocinaplon and DOV 315,090. Rat GABAA-Rs consisting of α1β2γ2S, α2β2γ2S, α3β2γ2S and α5β2γ2S subunits were expressed in Xenopus oocytes. Potentiation was determined using an EC10 concentration of GABA (~10 μM for α1β2γ2S, α2β2γ2S and α3β2γ2S; ~5 μM for the α5β2γ2S). Curves were calculated by normalizing values of relative currents obtained following administration of diazepam (○), ocinaplon (●) or DOV 315,090 (□) in the presence of GABA (from at least four oocytes harvested from at least two batches) to the value obtained following application of GABA. The dose-response curves of diazepam were fitted up to 3 μM. Higher concentrations (in parentheses) were excluded from the fit due to a decline in potentiation at higher concentrations. Smooth curves are calculated based on mean parameter values given in Table 2. Asterisks indicate fits for which the extrapolated Emax is more than 25% greater than the maximum potentiation observed at highest drug concentration.
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