Immunopharmacol Immunotoxicol 2006 Jan 01;284:651-63. doi: 10.1080/08923970601067250.

The 18S rRNA is basically composed of two tandem quasirepeats. Insights into the evolution of some innate immunity receptors.

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The gene encoding the 18S rRNA is an ancient molecule and its basic structure has been highly conserved from fish to mammals. Recently, we compared the nucleotide sequences of the human 18S rRNA and the human formyl peptide receptor 1 mRNA and concluded that selected segments of the two sequences exhibit similarities that are unlikely to be due simply to chance. Other data suggest the existence of nonrandom similarities between the 18S rRNA and the chemokine CXC receptor 4 mRNA. Therefore we advance the hypothesis that some groups of genes encoding 7-transmembrane G-coupled receptors of immunological interest may be evolutionarily related to the 18S gene. In this article we analyze the base-sequence architecture of the human 18S rRNA in terms of similarities between selected segments within the molecule. The method of study was based on the recording of the positions of 7- to 11-base oligonucleotide repeats, followed by a probabilistic analysis of the random occurrence of the repeats. Herein we show that most of the 18S rRNA molecule appears to be composed of two long tandem quasirepeats. We hypothesize that an ancestral gene structure composed of a chain of about 850 nucleotides duplicated to form a two-unit tandem repeat. Then the two units diverged as a consequence of independent nucleotide mutations, deletions, and insertions, but still retaining recognizable homologies. In addition, further nonduplicated shorter segments were added to build up the complete sequence.

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