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XB-ART-23824
Experientia 1992 Apr 15;484:405-8. doi: 10.1007/bf01923443.
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Difference in the response to PIF/activin between animal caps excised from mid- or late blastula stages of Xenopus laevis.

Brun R , Brun-Zinkernagel AM .


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Animal caps from Xenopus embryos at Stage 7/8 cultured in salt solution, were capable of elongating, and formed various embryonic tissues including axial mesoderm, nervous tissues and pigmented retina. In contrast, animal caps from Stage 9 only developed into permanent blastulae. Following exposure to PIF/activin, however, such animal caps displayed morphogenetic movements. They formed tube-shaped embryoids that frequently had one or more tails but no head. We conclude that animal caps from Stage 9 produce more reliable results than those from Stage 7/8 because the latter are most likely contaminated with mesodermal cells.

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References [+] :
Brun, Neurulation in the Mexican salamander (Ambystoma mexicanum): a drug study and cell shape analysis of the epidermis and the neural plate. 1983, Pubmed