Click here to close
Hello! We notice that you are using Internet Explorer, which is not supported by Xenbase and may cause the site to display incorrectly.
We suggest using a current version of Chrome,
FireFox, or Safari.
Chimeric retinoic acid/thyroid hormone receptors implicate RAR-alpha 1 as mediating growth inhibition by retinoic acid.
Schilthuis JG
,
Gann AA
,
Brockes JP
.
???displayArticle.abstract???
Retinoic acid (RA) affects the growth and differentiation of cells in culture, usually to decrease the growth rate. In amphibian limb regeneration RA has the remarkable ability to affect pattern formation by changing positional identity, but its initial action on the limb is to inhibit division of the blastemal progenitor cells. Newt limb blastemal cells also show this inhibition in culture. In order to investigate the role of different RA receptors (RARs) in the RA response, the hormone binding domain of the newt RARs alpha 1 and delta 1 was replaced with the corresponding region from the Xenopus thyroid hormone receptor-alpha (TR-alpha). In COS cells transfected with each of the chimeras, transcription was activated after exposure to thyroid hormone (T3). Their profile of activity on three different response elements was indicative of RAR specificity and not TR specificity. After transfection of cultured newt blastemal cells with a DNA particle gun, the chimeras were equally active in stimulating T3-dependent transcription of two different synthetic reporter genes. Blastemal cells were transfected with chimeras or control plasmids along with a marker plasmid expressing beta-galactosidase, exposed to RA or T3 and labelled with [3H]thymidine followed by autoradiography. The alpha 1 chimera gave T3-dependent inhibition of growth, comparable to the effect exerted by RA itself, whereas the delta 1 chimera and control plasmids were inactive. The results imply that RAR-alpha 1 mediates the effects of RA on blastemal cell growth.
Apfel,
A retinoic acid receptor alpha antagonist selectively counteracts retinoic acid effects.
1992,
Pubmed
Barettino,
Unliganded T3R, but not its oncogenic variant, v-erbA, suppresses RAR-dependent transactivation by titrating out RXR.
1993,
Pubmed
Benbrook,
A new retinoic acid receptor identified from a hepatocellular carcinoma.
1988,
Pubmed
Brand,
Identification of a second human retinoic acid receptor.
1988,
Pubmed
Breitman,
Induction of differentiation of the human promyelocytic leukemia cell line (HL-60) by retinoic acid.
1980,
Pubmed
Brockes,
Retinoids, homeobox genes, and limb morphogenesis.
1989,
Pubmed
Brockes,
Introduction of a retinoid reporter gene into the urodele limb blastema.
1992,
Pubmed
Brooks,
Structure and functional expression of a cloned Xenopus thyroid hormone receptor.
1989,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Bryant,
Retinoic acid, local cell-cell interactions, and pattern formation in vertebrate limbs.
1992,
Pubmed
Damm,
Functional inhibition of retinoic acid response by dominant negative retinoic acid receptor mutants.
1993,
Pubmed
Darrow,
Maintenance and use of F9 teratocarcinoma cells.
1990,
Pubmed
Dollé,
Retinoic acid receptors and cellular retinoid binding proteins. I. A systematic study of their differential pattern of transcription during mouse organogenesis.
1990,
Pubmed
Dollé,
Differential expression of genes encoding alpha, beta and gamma retinoic acid receptors and CRABP in the developing limbs of the mouse.
1989,
Pubmed
Ferretti,
Transient expression of simple epithelial keratins by mesenchymal cells of regenerating newt limb.
1989,
Pubmed
Ferretti,
Culture of newt cells from different tissues and their expression of a regeneration-associated antigen.
1988,
Pubmed
Giguere,
Identification of a receptor for the morphogen retinoic acid.
,
Pubmed
HAY,
Effects of thyroxine on limb regeneration in the newt, Triturus viridescens.
1956,
Pubmed
Hill,
Isoform-specific immunological detection of newt retinoic acid receptor delta 1 in normal and regenerating limbs.
1993,
Pubmed
Huang,
Use of all-trans retinoic acid in the treatment of acute promyelocytic leukemia.
1988,
Pubmed
Ide,
Retinoic acid promotes proliferation and chondrogenesis in the distal mesodermal cells of chick limb bud.
1988,
Pubmed
Kastner,
Murine isoforms of retinoic acid receptor gamma with specific patterns of expression.
1990,
Pubmed
Kim,
Regulation of human mesothelial cell differentiation: opposing roles of retinoids and epidermal growth factor in the expression of intermediate filament proteins.
1987,
Pubmed
Kintner,
Monoclonal antibodies to the cells of a regenerating limb.
1985,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Krieg,
The mRNA encoding elongation factor 1-alpha (EF-1 alpha) is a major transcript at the midblastula transition in Xenopus.
1989,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Laudet,
Evolution of the nuclear receptor gene superfamily.
1992,
Pubmed
Leroy,
Multiple isoforms of the mouse retinoic acid receptor alpha are generated by alternative splicing and differential induction by retinoic acid.
1991,
Pubmed
Maden,
Vitamin A and pattern formation in the regenerating limb.
1982,
Pubmed
Maden,
The effect of vitamin A on the regenerating axolotl limb.
1983,
Pubmed
Mangelsdorf,
Nuclear receptor that identifies a novel retinoic acid response pathway.
1990,
Pubmed
Nagpal,
Promoter context- and response element-dependent specificity of the transcriptional activation and modulating functions of retinoic acid receptors.
1992,
Pubmed
Nicholson,
Negative regulation of the rat stromelysin gene promoter by retinoic acid is mediated by an AP1 binding site.
1990,
Pubmed
Paulsen,
Selective stimulation of in vitro limb-bud chondrogenesis by retinoic acid.
1988,
Pubmed
Petkovich,
A human retinoic acid receptor which belongs to the family of nuclear receptors.
,
Pubmed
Ragsdale,
Delta retinoic acid receptor isoform delta 1 is distinguished by its exceptional N-terminal sequence and abundance in the limb regeneration blastema.
1993,
Pubmed
Ragsdale,
Identification of a novel retinoic acid receptor in regenerative tissues of the newt.
1989,
Pubmed
Robertson,
Multiple members of the retinoic acid receptor family are capable of mediating the granulocytic differentiation of HL-60 cells.
1992,
Pubmed
Ruberte,
Retinoic acid receptors and cellular retinoid binding proteins. II. Their differential pattern of transcription during early morphogenesis in mouse embryos.
1991,
Pubmed
Ruberte,
Specific spatial and temporal distribution of retinoic acid receptor gamma transcripts during mouse embryogenesis.
1990,
Pubmed
Schüle,
Retinoic acid is a negative regulator of AP-1-responsive genes.
1991,
Pubmed
Schüle,
Many transcription factors interact synergistically with steroid receptors.
1988,
Pubmed
Seed,
A simple phase-extraction assay for chloramphenicol acyltransferase activity.
1988,
Pubmed
Smith,
A retinoic acid response element is present in the mouse cellular retinol binding protein I (mCRBPI) promoter.
1991,
Pubmed
Stocum,
Limb regeneration: a call to arms (and legs).
1991,
Pubmed
Stocum,
Use of retinoids to analyze the cellular basis of positional memory in regenerating amphibian limbs.
1987,
Pubmed
Strickland,
The induction of differentiation in teratocarcinoma stem cells by retinoic acid.
1978,
Pubmed
Sucov,
Characterization of an autoregulated response element in the mouse retinoic acid receptor type beta gene.
1990,
Pubmed
Tabin,
Retinoids, homeoboxes, and growth factors: toward molecular models for limb development.
1991,
Pubmed
Tang,
Genetic immunization is a simple method for eliciting an immune response.
1992,
Pubmed
Umesono,
Retinoic acid and thyroid hormone induce gene expression through a common responsive element.
1988,
Pubmed
Vivanco Ruiz,
Functional characterization of a natural retinoic acid responsive element.
1991,
Pubmed
Yang,
In vivo and in vitro gene transfer to mammalian somatic cells by particle bombardment.
1990,
Pubmed
Yang-Yen,
Antagonism between retinoic acid receptors and AP-1: implications for tumor promotion and inflammation.
1991,
Pubmed
Zelent,
Differentially expressed isoforms of the mouse retinoic acid receptor beta generated by usage of two promoters and alternative splicing.
1991,
Pubmed
Zelent,
Cloning of murine alpha and beta retinoic acid receptors and a novel receptor gamma predominantly expressed in skin.
1989,
Pubmed
de Thé,
Identification of a retinoic acid responsive element in the retinoic acid receptor beta gene.
1990,
Pubmed
de Verneuil,
The lack of transcriptional activation of the v-erbA oncogene is in part due to a mutation present in the DNA binding domain of the protein.
1990,
Pubmed
