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XB-ART-15211
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1998 Mar 03;955:2412-6. doi: 10.1073/pnas.95.5.2412.
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Targeted deletion of Smad4 shows it is required for transforming growth factor beta and activin signaling in colorectal cancer cells.

Zhou S , Buckhaults P , Zawel L , Bunz F , Riggins G , Dai JL , Kern SE , Kinzler KW , Vogelstein B .


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Smad4 (DPC4) is a candidate tumor suppressor gene that has been hypothesized to be critical for transmitting signals from transforming growth factor (TGF) beta and related ligands. To directly test this hypothesis, the Smad4 gene was deleted through homologous recombination in human colorectal cancer cells. This deletion abrogated signaling from TGF-beta, as well as from the TGF-beta family member activin. These results provide unequivocal evidence that mutational inactivation of Smad4 causes TGF-beta unresponsiveness and provide a basis for understanding the physiologic role of this gene in tumorigenesis.

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Species referenced: Xenopus
Genes referenced: smad10 smad4 tgfb1

References [+] :
Attisano, Activation of signalling by the activin receptor complex. 1996, Pubmed