Click here to close
Hello! We notice that you are using Internet Explorer, which is not supported by Xenbase and may cause the site to display incorrectly.
We suggest using a current version of Chrome,
FireFox, or Safari.
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A
1998 Sep 15;9519:11152-7. doi: 10.1073/pnas.95.19.11152.
Show Gene links
Show Anatomy links
Ciona intestinalis nuclear receptor 1: a member of steroid/thyroid hormone receptor family.
Carosa E
,
Fanelli A
,
Ulisse S
,
Di Lauro R
,
Rall JE
,
Jannini EA
.
???displayArticle.abstract???
Nuclear hormone receptors comprise a large family of zinc finger transcription factors, some with hydrophobic ligands, such as thyroid hormone, vitamin D, steroids, etc., and others for which no ligand has been found. Thyroid hormone receptors (TRs) generally are considered to be confined to the vertebrata that possess a thyroid gland. Tunicates represent the most primitive of the chordates, and there are data supporting a role for thyroid hormone in their metamorphosis, but no data are available on TRs in this genus; hence, we have studied Ciona intestinalis. Screening of a Ciona library with the DNA binding domain of Xenopus laevis TR (xTR) resulted in the isolation of a nuclear hormone receptor, C. intestinalis nuclear receptor 1 (CiNR1). CiNR1 is similar to TRs of more evolved species with a conserved DNA binding domain whereas the ligand binding domain shows poor homology to vertebrate sequences. The C-terminal part of CiNR1 spans approximately 200 amino acids more than other TRs, lacks the AF2 transactivation domain, and is not able to bind triiodothyronine. Phylogenetically, CiNR1 appears to be close to the common ancestral gene of TRs. Expression of CiNR1 was limited to the developing embryo and the larval stage, which suggests a role during development and metamorphosis. In transfection experiments, CiNR1 down-regulated basal transcription of a reporter gene driven by the TR palindrome responsive element. When CiNR1 was cotransfected with chicken TRalpha, it attenuated the normal thyroid hormone response in a dominant negative fashion. This attenuation required the C-terminal portion of the molecule.
Amero,
The origin of nuclear receptor proteins: a single precursor distinct from other transcription factors.
1992, Pubmed
Amero,
The origin of nuclear receptor proteins: a single precursor distinct from other transcription factors.
1992,
Pubmed
Breathnach,
Organization and expression of eucaryotic split genes coding for proteins.
1981,
Pubmed
Caracciolo,
Specific cellular localization of tyrosinase mRNA during Ciona intestinalis larval development.
1997,
Pubmed
Chomczynski,
Single-step method of RNA isolation by acid guanidinium thiocyanate-phenol-chloroform extraction.
1987,
Pubmed
Denucé,
[Teratogenic and metamorphosis inhibiting activity of retinoic acid in Ciona intestinalis].
1991,
Pubmed
Enmark,
Orphan nuclear receptors--the first eight years.
1996,
Pubmed
Evans,
The steroid and thyroid hormone receptor superfamily.
1988,
Pubmed
Forman,
Interactions among a subfamily of nuclear hormone receptors: the regulatory zipper model.
1990,
Pubmed
Glass,
Differential recognition of target genes by nuclear receptor monomers, dimers, and heterodimers.
1994,
Pubmed
Kozak,
The scanning model for translation: an update.
1989,
Pubmed
Laudet,
Evolution of the nuclear receptor gene superfamily.
1992,
Pubmed
Laudet,
Evolution of the nuclear receptor superfamily: early diversification from an ancestral orphan receptor.
1997,
Pubmed
Laudet,
Genomic organization of the human thyroid hormone receptor alpha (c-erbA-1) gene.
1991,
Pubmed
Lee,
Structure of the retinoid X receptor alpha DNA binding domain: a helix required for homodimeric DNA binding.
1993,
Pubmed
Liu,
The dominant negative effect of thyroid hormone receptor splicing variant alpha 2 does not require binding to a thyroid response element.
1995,
Pubmed
Luisi,
Crystallographic analysis of the interaction of the glucocorticoid receptor with DNA.
1991,
Pubmed
Manfioletti,
A new and fast method for preparing high quality lambda DNA suitable for sequencing.
1988,
Pubmed
Mangelsdorf,
The nuclear receptor superfamily: the second decade.
1995,
Pubmed
Mitsuhashi,
Alternative splicing generates messages encoding rat c-erbA proteins that do not bind thyroid hormone.
1988,
Pubmed
Patricolo,
The effect of l-thyroxine on the metamorphosis of Ascidia malaca.
1981,
Pubmed
Pearson,
Improved tools for biological sequence comparison.
1988,
Pubmed
ROCHE,
[On the presence and the biosynthesis of thyroid hormones in a tunicate, Ciona intestinalis L].
1962,
Pubmed
Samuels,
Depletion of L-3,5,3'-triiodothyronine and L-thyroxine in euthyroid calf serum for use in cell culture studies of the action of thyroid hormone.
1979,
Pubmed
Sanger,
DNA sequencing with chain-terminating inhibitors.
1977,
Pubmed
Sap,
The c-erb-A protein is a high-affinity receptor for thyroid hormone.
,
Pubmed
Thompson,
Identification of a novel thyroid hormone receptor expressed in the mammalian central nervous system.
1987,
Pubmed
Tsai,
Molecular mechanisms of action of steroid/thyroid receptor superfamily members.
1994,
Pubmed
Umesono,
Determinants of target gene specificity for steroid/thyroid hormone receptors.
1989,
Pubmed
Wagner,
A structural role for hormone in the thyroid hormone receptor.
1995,
Pubmed
Weinberger,
The c-erb-A gene encodes a thyroid hormone receptor.
,
Pubmed
Wilson,
Participation of non-zinc finger residues in DNA binding by two nuclear orphan receptors.
1992,
Pubmed
Yamamoto,
Steroid receptor regulated transcription of specific genes and gene networks.
1985,
Pubmed
Yamano,
Cloning of thyroid hormone receptor genes expressed in metamorphosing flounder.
1994,
Pubmed
Yamano,
cDNA cloning of thyroid hormone receptor beta for the Japanese flounder.
1995,
Pubmed
Yaoita,
Xenopus laevis alpha and beta thyroid hormone receptors.
1990,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase