J Am Soc Nephrol 2000 Jan 01;111:9-17. doi: 10.1681/ASN.V1119.

Electrophysiologic characterization of an organic anion transporter cloned from winter flounder kidney (fROAT).

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The two-electrode voltage clamp technique was used to demonstrate translocation of p-aminohippurate (PAH) and related compounds such as loop diuretics in Xenopus laevis oocytes expressing the renal organic anion transporter from winter flounder kidney (fROAT). In fROAT-expressing oocytes, PAH (0.1 mM) induced a depolarization of 4.2 +/- 0.4 mV and at a holding potential of -60 mV an inward current of -22.6 +/- 3.5 nA. PAH-induced current and the current calculated from [3H]-PAH uptake were of similar magnitude. Depolarization, inward current, and current-to-uptake relation indicated exchange of the monovalent PAH with a divalent anion, possibly alpha-ketoglutarate (alpha-KG), causing net efflux of one negative charge. The kinetic analysis of PAH-induced currents revealed that translocation is dependent on membrane potential, saturable with an apparent Km of 58 +/- 8 microM, and sensitive to probenecid and furosemide. In contrast to probenecid and furosemide, the loop diuretics bumetanide, ethacrynic acid, and tienilic acid and the nephrotoxic mycotoxin ochratoxin A elicited inward currents indicating translocation through fROAT. Substrate-dependent currents provide a tool to elucidate the structure/function relationship of the renal organic anion transporter.

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Species referenced: Xenopus laevis