Pearl EJ et al. (2009), Xenopus pancreas development.

XB-ART-39422

Dev Dyn 2009 Jun 01;2386:1271-86. doi: 10.1002/dvdy.21935.

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Xenopus pancreas development.

Pearl EJ , Bilogan CK , Mukhi S , Brown DD , Horb ME .

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Understanding how the pancreas develops is vital to finding new treatments for a range of pancreatic diseases, including diabetes and pancreatic cancer. Xenopus is a relatively new model organism for the elucidation of pancreas development, and has already made contributions to the field. Recent studies have shown benefits of using Xenopus for understanding both early patterning and lineage specification aspects of pancreas organogenesis. This review focuses specifically on Xenopus pancreas development, and covers events from the end of gastrulation, when regional specification of the endoderm is occurring, right through metamorphosis, when the mature pancreas is fully formed. We have attempted to cover pancreas development in Xenopus comprehensively enough to assist newcomers to the field and also to enable those studying pancreas development in other model organisms to better place the results from Xenopus research into the context of the field in general and their studies specifically. Developmental Dynamics 238:1271-1286, 2009. (c) 2009 Wiley-Liss, Inc.

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Species referenced: Xenopus laevis
Genes referenced: abcc8 cela1.2 cela1.6 gcg ins insm1 pax6 ptf1a sst.1

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References [+] :

Accordi, Programmed cell death in the pancreas of Bufo bufo during metamorphosis. 2001, Pubmed

	Figure 2. Developing pancreatic buds. A: NF32 tadpole showing Ptf1a RNA expression in the dorsal and ventral pancreatic buds prior to overt morphogenesis. B: Ptf1a expression in a NF40 tadpole, after buds have fused. C,D: Transgenic tadpoles expressing GFP under the control of the elastase promoter at (C) NF40 and (D) NF42. A-C: Anterior to the left, dorsal up (lateral view). D: Anterior to the left, ventral view. vp, ventral pancreas; dp, dorsal pancreas.
	Figure 3. Endocrine marker expression in isolated liver and pancreas tissue. A-C: Diagrammatic representations of the livers and pancreases: pink, liver; bright blue, ventral pancreas; dark blue, dorsal pancreas; green, gall bladder. D-L: Whole mount in situ hybridization for insulin, glucagon, and somatostatin at NF40, NF44, and NF46.
	Figure 4. Exocrine marker expression in isolated liver and pancreas tissue. A-C: Elastase expression. D-G: Mist1 expression.
	Figure 5. Expression of endocrine pancreatic factors in isolated liver and pancreas tissue. A,B: Pax6 expression. C,D: Insm1 expression. E,F: Sur1 expression.
	ptf1a (pancreas specific transcription factor, 1a) gene expression in Xenopus laevis, NF stage 40 embryo, head and trunk region only, assayed via in situ hybridization, lateral view, anterior left, dorsal up. Key: dp= dorsal pancreatic bud; vp= ventral pancreatic bud.