Click here to close
Hello! We notice that you are using Internet Explorer, which is not supported by Xenbase and may cause the site to display incorrectly.
We suggest using a current version of Chrome,
FireFox, or Safari.
Mol Cell Biol
1993 Dec 01;1312:7925-34. doi: 10.1128/mcb.13.12.7925-7934.1993.
Show Gene links
Show Anatomy links
Premature termination of tubulin gene transcription in Xenopus oocytes is due to promoter-dependent disruption of elongation.
Hair A
,
Morgan GT
.
???displayArticle.abstract???
We have shown previously that the Xenopus alpha-tubulin gene, X alpha T14, exhibits premature termination of transcription when injected into oocyte nuclei. The 3' ends of prematurely terminated transcripts are formed immediately downstream of a stem-loop sequence found in the first 41 bp of the 5' leader. We show here, using deleted constructs, that premature termination requires the presence only of sequences from -200 to +19 relative to the initiation site. Deletion of the stem-loop does not increase the production of extended transcripts, and premature termination apparently continues at nonspecific sites. This finding indicates that disruption of the elongation phase of transcription rather than abrogation of a specific antitermination mechanism is the cause of premature termination in X alpha T14. We also found that disruption of elongation on a reporter gene could be induced specifically by competition with X alpha T14 promoters. To identify which elements of the promoter might interact with elongation determinants to cause this competition, we constructed a series of internal promoter mutants. Most mutations in the -200 to -60 region of the promoter had some effect on initiation frequency but did not cause any significant change in levels of premature termination. However, mutations in the core promoter that removed the TATA box consensus causes major change in initiation and resulted in a marked decrease in the production of prematurely terminated transcripts relative to extended transcripts. We discuss why such promoters can apparently escape the disruption of elongation that leads to premature termination.
Bender,
Differential expression of c-myb mRNA in murine B lymphomas by a block to transcription elongation.
1987, Pubmed
Bender,
Differential expression of c-myb mRNA in murine B lymphomas by a block to transcription elongation.
1987,
Pubmed
Bengal,
Role of the mammalian transcription factors IIF, IIS, and IIX during elongation by RNA polymerase II.
1991,
Pubmed
Bentley,
Sequence requirements for premature termination of transcription in the human c-myc gene.
1988,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Bentley,
A block to elongation is largely responsible for decreased transcription of c-myc in differentiated HL60 cells.
,
Pubmed
Bucher,
Weight matrix descriptions of four eukaryotic RNA polymerase II promoter elements derived from 502 unrelated promoter sequences.
1990,
Pubmed
Burton,
RAP30/74: a general initiation factor that binds to RNA polymerase II.
1988,
Pubmed
Chafin,
Identification and purification of a yeast protein that affects elongation by RNA polymerase II.
1991,
Pubmed
Cullen,
Does HIV-1 Tat induce a change in viral initiation rights?
1993,
Pubmed
Cullen,
The HIV-1 Tat protein: an RNA sequence-specific processivity factor?
1990,
Pubmed
Eick,
Transcriptional arrest within the first exon is a fast control mechanism in c-myc gene expression.
1986,
Pubmed
Flores,
Factors involved in specific transcription by mammalian RNA polymerase II. Factors IIE and IIF independently interact with RNA polymerase II.
1989,
Pubmed
Fort,
Regulation of c-fos gene expression in hamster fibroblasts: initiation and elongation of transcription and mRNA degradation.
1987,
Pubmed
Kao,
Anti-termination of transcription within the long terminal repeat of HIV-1 by tat gene product.
,
Pubmed
Kash,
Functional analysis of a stable transcription arrest site in the first intron of the murine adenosine deaminase gene.
1993,
Pubmed
Kerppola,
RNA polymerase: regulation of transcript elongation and termination.
1991,
Pubmed
Krumm,
The block to transcriptional elongation within the human c-myc gene is determined in the promoter-proximal region.
1992,
Pubmed
Laspia,
HIV-1 Tat protein increases transcriptional initiation and stabilizes elongation.
1989,
Pubmed
Marshall,
Control of formation of two distinct classes of RNA polymerase II elongation complexes.
1992,
Pubmed
Meulia,
Distinct properties of c-myc transcriptional elongation are revealed in Xenopus oocytes and mammalian cells and by template titration, 5,6-dichloro-1-beta-D-ribofuranosylbenzimidazole (DRB), and promoter mutagenesis.
1993,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Middleton,
An oocyte-expressed alpha-tubulin gene in Xenopus laevis; sequences required for the initiation of transcription.
1989,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Middleton,
Premature termination of transcription can be induced on an injected alpha-tubulin gene in Xenopus oocytes.
1990,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Miller,
A cis-acting element in the promoter region of the murine c-myc gene is necessary for transcriptional block.
1989,
Pubmed
Mok,
Premature termination by human RNA polymerase II occurs temporally in the adenovirus major late transcriptional unit.
1984,
Pubmed
Nepveu,
Intragenic pausing and anti-sense transcription within the murine c-myc locus.
1986,
Pubmed
Price,
Fractionation of transcription factors for RNA polymerase II from Drosophila Kc cell nuclear extracts.
1987,
Pubmed
Pugh,
Diverse transcriptional functions of the multisubunit eukaryotic TFIID complex.
1992,
Pubmed
Ramamurthy,
Sequence requirements for transcriptional arrest in exon 1 of the murine adenosine deaminase gene.
1990,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Ratnasabapathy,
The HIV-1 long terminal repeat contains an unusual element that induces the synthesis of short RNAs from various mRNA and snRNA promoters.
1990,
Pubmed
Reinberg,
Factors involved in specific transcription by mammalian RNA polymerase II. Transcription factor IIS stimulates elongation of RNA chains.
1987,
Pubmed
Reines,
Transcription elongation factor SII (TFIIS) enables RNA polymerase II to elongate through a block to transcription in a human gene in vitro.
1989,
Pubmed
Resnekov,
RNA secondary structure is an integral part of the in vitro mechanism of attenuation in simian virus 40.
1989,
Pubmed
Rougvie,
The RNA polymerase II molecule at the 5' end of the uninduced hsp70 gene of D. melanogaster is transcriptionally engaged.
1988,
Pubmed
Selby,
Structure, sequence, and position of the stem-loop in tar determine transcriptional elongation by tat through the HIV-1 long terminal repeat.
1989,
Pubmed
Sheldon,
Characterization of the inducer of short transcripts, a human immunodeficiency virus type 1 transcriptional element that activates the synthesis of short RNAs.
1993,
Pubmed
Spencer,
Transcription elongation in the human c-myc gene is governed by overall transcription initiation levels in Xenopus oocytes.
1993,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Spencer,
The block to transcription elongation is promoter dependent in normal and Burkitt's lymphoma c-myc alleles.
1990,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Spencer,
Transcription elongation and eukaryotic gene regulation.
1990,
Pubmed
Strobl,
Hold back of RNA polymerase II at the transcription start site mediates down-regulation of c-myc in vivo.
1992,
Pubmed
Wiley,
Functional binding of the "TATA" box binding component of transcription factor TFIID to the -30 region of TATA-less promoters.
1992,
Pubmed
Wright,
DNA sequences that mediate attenuation of transcription from the mouse protooncogene myc.
1989,
Pubmed
Wright,
Premature termination of transcription from the P1 promoter of the mouse c-myc gene.
1991,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
