Click here to close
Hello! We notice that you are using Internet Explorer, which is not supported by Xenbase and may cause the site to display incorrectly.
We suggest using a current version of Chrome,
FireFox, or Safari.
J Physiol
2005 Jun 01;565Pt 2:391-401. doi: 10.1113/jphysiol.2004.079624.
Show Gene links
Show Anatomy links
Glucocorticoid adrenal steroids and glucocorticoid-inducible kinase isoforms in the regulation of GluR6 expression.
Strutz-Seebohm N, Seebohm G, Shumilina E, Mack AF, Wagner HJ, Lampert A, Grahammer F, Henke G, Just L, Skutella T, Hollmann M, Lang F.
???displayArticle.abstract???
Generation of memory is enhanced during stress, an effect attributed to stimulation of neuronal learning by adrenal glucocorticoids. The glucocorticoid-dependent genes include the serum- and glucocorticoid-inducible kinase SGK1. SGK1 is activated through the phosphatidylinositol 3 kinase (PI3-kinase) pathway by growth factors such as insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF1) or tumour growth factor beta (TGF-beta). Previously, a fourfold higher expression of SGK1 has been observed in fast-learning rats as compared with slow-learning rats. The mechanisms linking glucocorticoids or SGK1 with neuronal function have, however, remained elusive. We show here that treatment of mice with the glucocorticoid dexamethasone (238 microg day-1 for 8-20 days) enhances hippocampal expression of GluR6. Immunohistochemistry reveals significantly enhanced GluR6 protein abundance at neurones but not at astrocytes in mice. Immunohistochemistry and patch clamp on hippocampal neurones in primary culture reveal upregulation of GluR6 protein abundance and kainate-induced currents following treatment with dexamethasone (1 microm) and TGF-beta (1 microm). In Xenopus oocytes expressing rat GluR6, coexpression of SGK1 strongly increases glutamate-induced current at least partially by increasing the abundance of GluR6 protein in the plasma membrane. The related kinases SGK2 and SGK3 similarly stimulate GluR6, but are less effective than SGK1. The observations point to a novel mechanism regulating GluR6 which contributes to the regulation of neuronal function by glucocorticoids.
Bleakman,
Kainate receptor agonists, antagonists and allosteric modulators.
2002, Pubmed
Bleakman,
Kainate receptor agonists, antagonists and allosteric modulators.
2002,
Pubmed Bleakman,
Pharmacological characterization of a GluR6 kainate receptor in cultured hippocampal neurons.
1999,
Pubmed Brennan,
Rapid upregulation of serum and glucocorticoid-regulated kinase (sgk) gene expression by corticosteroids in vivo.
2000,
Pubmed Bureau,
Kainate receptor-mediated responses in the CA1 field of wild-type and GluR6-deficient mice.
1999,
Pubmed Chittajallu,
Kainate receptors: subunits, synaptic localization and function.
1999,
Pubmed Contractor,
Identification of the kainate receptor subunits underlying modulation of excitatory synaptic transmission in the CA3 region of the hippocampus.
2000,
Pubmed Contractor,
Kainate receptors are involved in short- and long-term plasticity at mossy fiber synapses in the hippocampus.
2001,
Pubmed Dingledine,
The glutamate receptor ion channels.
1999,
Pubmed Firestone,
Stimulus-dependent regulation of serum and glucocorticoid inducible protein kinase (SGK) transcription, subcellular localization and enzymatic activity.
2003,
Pubmed Frerking,
Synaptic kainate receptors.
2000,
Pubmed Friedrich,
Up-regulation of the human serum and glucocorticoid-dependent kinase 1 in glomerulonephritis.
2002,
Pubmed Hampson,
The activation of glutamate receptors by kainic acid and domoic acid.
1998,
Pubmed Helms,
Hormone-regulated transepithelial Na+ transport in mammalian CCD cells requires SGK1 expression.
2003,
Pubmed Huettner,
Glutamate receptor channels in rat DRG neurons: activation by kainate and quisqualate and blockade of desensitization by Con A.
1990,
Pubmed Huettner,
Kainate receptors: knocking out plasticity.
2001,
Pubmed Imaizumi,
Differential expression of sgk mRNA, a member of the Ser/Thr protein kinase gene family, in rat brain after CNS injury.
1994,
Pubmed Kidd,
Developmental and activity-dependent regulation of kainate receptors at thalamocortical synapses.
1999,
Pubmed Kobayashi,
Activation of serum- and glucocorticoid-regulated protein kinase by agonists that activate phosphatidylinositide 3-kinase is mediated by 3-phosphoinositide-dependent protein kinase-1 (PDK1) and PDK2.
1999,
Pubmed Lang,
Regulation and physiological roles of serum- and glucocorticoid-induced protein kinase isoforms.
2001,
Pubmed Lang,
Regulation of channels by the serum and glucocorticoid-inducible kinase - implications for transport, excitability and cell proliferation.
2003,
Pubmed Lerma,
Molecular physiology of kainate receptors.
2001,
Pubmed Li,
Kainate-receptor-mediated sensory synaptic transmission in mammalian spinal cord.
1999,
Pubmed Maljevic,
C-terminal interaction of KCNQ2 and KCNQ3 K+ channels.
2003,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase Mulle,
Subunit composition of kainate receptors in hippocampal interneurons.
2000,
Pubmed Mulle,
Altered synaptic physiology and reduced susceptibility to kainate-induced seizures in GluR6-deficient mice.
1998,
Pubmed Náray-Fejes-Tóth,
SGK is a primary glucocorticoid-induced gene in the human.
2000,
Pubmed Pearce,
SGK1 regulation of epithelial sodium transport.
2003,
Pubmed Schiffer,
Rat GluR7 and a carboxy-terminal splice variant, GluR7b, are functional kainate receptor subunits with a low sensitivity to glutamate.
1997,
Pubmed Seebohm,
Tight coupling of rubidium conductance and inactivation in human KCNQ1 potassium channels.
2003,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase Strutz,
Kainate-binding proteins are rendered functional ion channels upon transplantation of two short pore-flanking domains from a kainate receptor.
2002,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase Strutz,
Identification of domains and amino acids involved in GLuR7 ion channel function.
2001,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase Strutz-Seebohm,
Regulation of GluR1 abundance in murine hippocampal neurones by serum- and glucocorticoid-inducible kinase 3.
2005,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase Tsai,
sgk, a primary glucocorticoid-induced gene, facilitates memory consolidation of spatial learning in rats.
2002,
Pubmed Verrey,
SGK1: aldosterone-induced relay of Na+ transport regulation in distal kidney nephron cells.
2003,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase Waldegger,
Cloning and characterization of a putative human serine/threonine protein kinase transcriptionally modified during anisotonic and isotonic alterations of cell volume.
1997,
Pubmed Wang,
Phosphorylation and modulation of a kainate receptor (GluR6) by cAMP-dependent protein kinase.
1993,
Pubmed Wärntges,
Cell volume regulatory mechanisms in progression of renal disease.
2001,
Pubmed Wärntges,
Cerebral localization and regulation of the cell volume-sensitive serum- and glucocorticoid-dependent kinase SGK1.
2002,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase Webster,
Immediate-early transcriptional regulation and rapid mRNA turnover of a putative serine/threonine protein kinase.
1993,
Pubmed Webster,
Characterization of sgk, a novel member of the serine/threonine protein kinase gene family which is transcriptionally induced by glucocorticoids and serum.
1993,
Pubmed Wong,
Differential modulation by cyclothiazide and concanavalin A of desensitization at native alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid- and kainate-preferring glutamate receptors.
1993,
Pubmed Wu,
Microarray analysis reveals glucocorticoid-regulated survival genes that are associated with inhibition of apoptosis in breast epithelial cells.
2004,
Pubmed
