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Display additional annotations [+]
Gene |
Clone |
Species |
Stages |
Anatomy |
tfap2e
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laevis
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NF stage 29 and 30
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brain
,
hindbrain
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mandibular crest
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hyoid crest
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trunk neural crest
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tfap2e
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laevis
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NF stage 35 and 36
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retina
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brain
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forebrain
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midbrain
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hindbrain
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[+]
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sox8
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laevis
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NF stage 22
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neuroectoderm
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Figure 2. Developmental expression of Tfap2e by in situ hybridization. (A,B) Tfap2e onset of expression at the NPB at Stage 13. (C and D) At Stage 16 Tfap2e expression extends to the entire length of the embryo, in region of the prospective trunk (arrowheads) and cranial NC. The most anterior segment of the cranial NC, the mandibular NC, shows stronger expression than the rest of the cranial NC (arrows). Panels (A and C), dorsal views, anterior to top. Panels (B and D), lateral views, anterior to right. (E) Transverse section of a Stage 16 embryo, dorsal to top, showing Tfap2e expression in the mandibular NC. (F–H) At Stage 22 as the neural tube closes, Tfap2e expression is restricted to the dorsal aspect of the spinal cord and in the most anterior and posterior segment of the migrating cranial NC (arrows). (I and J) On a transverse section of a Stage 22 embryo, Tfap2e and Sox8 have overlapping expression domains. (K–M) At Stage 25, Tfap2e expression is detected in the mandibular NC (arrows), the dorsal aspect of the spinal cord (arrowheads) and in the brain. (N–P) At Stage 30, Tfap2e expression is detected in the brain, dorsal neural tube and NC-derived melanocytes (arrows). (Q) Section of a Stage 30 embryo at the level of the hindbrain. Transverse (R) and longitudinal (S) sections of a Stage 35 embryo, showing expression in the brain and retina. Panels (A,K,N), dorsal views, anterior to right. Panels (G,L,O), frontal views, dorsal to top. Panels (H,M,P), lateral views, anterior to right. The stages are indicated in the lower left corner of each panel. ar, archenteron; hb, hindbrain; le, lens; no, notochord; ph, pharynx. [Color figure can be viewed in the online issue, which is available at wileyonlinelibrary.com.] |
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Figure 4. Regulation of Tfap2e expression at the NPB. (A) Tfap2e expression at the NPB in a control embryo. (B and C) Unilateral injection of Pax3 (Pax3MO) or Zic1 (Zic1MO) morpholino antisense oligonucleotides at the two-cell stage resulted in a strong reduction of Tfap2e expression at the neurula stage. (D and E) Misexpression of Wnt8 or Fgf8 in one blastomere at the two-cell stage led to a lateral expansion of Tfap2e expression domain. (F and G) Conversely, morpholino-mediated knockdown of either Fgf8 (Fgf8MO) or Wnt8 (Wnt8MO) resulted in a loss of Tfap2e expression on the injected side. Embryos are viewed from the dorsal side, anterior to top. In all panels (B–G), the injected side is on the right, as indicated by the presence of the lineage tracer (Red-gal). [Color figure can be viewed in the online issue, which is available at wileyonlinelibrary.com.] |
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Display additional annotations [+]
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Figure 3. Comparative expression of Tfap2e with other NPB genes at the neurula stage. (A–F) Expression of Tfap2e, Snail2, Sox10, Xhe, Runx1, and Sox2 in stage-matched Stage 16 embryos. Dorsal views, anterior to top. (G–I′) In situ hybridization on adjacent transverse sections of a Stage 15 embryo (G), dorsal to top. Tfap2e (H) is coexpressed with Runx1 (I), as indicated by the red overlay in panels (H′) and (I′). ar, archenteron; no, notochord; np, neural plate. [Color figure can be viewed in the online issue, which is available at wileyonlinelibrary.com.] |
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tfap2e (transcription factor AP-2 epsilon (activating enhancer binding protein 2 epsilon)) gene expression in Xenopus laevis embryo, assayed via in situ hybridization, NF stage 16. C. Dorsal view, anterior up. D. Lateral view, anterior right. E. Section. |
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tfap2e (transcription factor AP-2 epsilon (activating enhancer binding protein 2 epsilon)) gene expression in Xenopus laevis embryo, assayed via in situ hybridization, NF stage 22. G. Anterior view, dorsal up. H. Lateral view, anterior right. I. Cross section. |
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tfap2e (transcription factor AP-2 epsilon (activating enhancer binding protein 2 epsilon)) gene expression in Xenopus laevis embryo, assayed via in situ hybridization, NF stage 25. K. Dorsal view, anterior right. L. Anterior view, dorsal up. M. Lateral view, anterior right. |
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tfap2e (transcription factor AP-2 epsilon (activating enhancer binding protein 2 epsilon)) gene expression in Xenopus laevis embryo, assayed via in situ hybridization, NF stage 30. O. Anterior view, dorsal up. P. Lateral view, anterior right. Q. Cross section through hindbrain. |