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sox2xenopus   

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Experiment details for sox2

Schlosser G and Ahrens K (2004) Assay

Molecular anatomy of placode development in Xenopus laevis.

Gene Clone Species Stages Anatomy
sox2.L laevis NF stage 13 to NF stage 14 pre-chordal neural plate , trigeminal placode , neural plate , lateral

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  Fig. 1. Placodal gene expression patterns in neural plate stage Xenopus embryos (stages 13–14) in dorsal view (anterior is to the left, all embryos are equally oriented). To facilitate comparison of the placodal expression domains of different genes, color-coded arrows and arrowheads corresponding to different placodal expression domains of Pax genes are used for the identification of comparable regions of gene expression (for more detailed labeling, see Fig. 12). Colors are explained in the schematic drawing, which depicts the approximate relative position of some gene expression domains and lists the placodes to which they will give rise subsequently. Green arrowheads identify placodal gene expression immediately rostral to the anterior neural plate border (prospective adenohypophysial placode medially and prospective olfactory placodes laterally), whereas green arrows identify placodal gene expression rostrolateral to the anterior neural plate (prospective lens and trigeminal placodes). Black arrows in D indicate the border of Dlx3 expression in superficial ectoderm, which extends further medial than its border of expression in the deep ectodermal layer (colored arrows). Black arrowheads in E indicate Msx1 expression in anterior neural plate. White asterisks in E and L indicate expression of Msx1 and Pax3, respectively, in a region encompassing neural crest and lateralmost neural plate. For detailed description, see text. Abbreviations: Ad/Ol, anterior placodal area, from which adenohypophysial (Ad) and olfactory (Ol) placodes develop; anp, anterior neural plate; cg, cement gland; L, lens placode; LL/Ot/EB, posterior placodal area, from which lateral line (LL), otic (Ot), and epibranchial (EB) placodes develop; np, neural plate; PN, pronephros; Pr, profundal placode; pnp, posterior neural plate; V, trigeminal placode.

Gene Clone Species Stages Anatomy
sox2.L laevis NF stage 13 to NF stage 14 neural plate , anterior neural fold

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  Fig. 2. Placodal gene expression patterns in neural plate stage Xenopus embryos (stages 13–14) in lateral view (anterior is to the left, all embryos are equally oriented). As in Fig. 1, color-coded arrows and arrowheads are used for the identification of comparable regions of gene expression as indicated in the schematic drawing. Green arrowhead corresponds to the lateral green arrowhead in Fig. 1 (prospective olfactory placode). Black asterisk in D indicates region where Dlx3 is expressed only in the superficial ectodermal layer. Black arrowheads in E indicate Msx1 expression in anterior neural plate. White asterisks in E and L indicate expression of Msx1 and Pax3, respectively, in a region encompassing neural crest and lateralmost neural plate. Insert in J shows incipient placodal Tbx2 expression at a slightly later (neural fold) stage. For detailed description, see text. For abbreviations, see Fig. 1.

Gene Clone Species Stages Anatomy
sox2.L laevis NF stage 21 to NF stage 22 olfactory placode , otic vesicle , lens , forebrain , midbrain , [+]

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  Fig. 9. Placodal gene expression patterns in early tail bud Xenopus embryos (stages 21–22) in lateral views (anterior is to the left) and right frontal views (inserts). Color-coded arrows and arrowheads are used for the identification of comparable regions of gene expression. Expression in the prospective lens placode (which is not yet thickened at this stage) is indicated by L. Colors are explained in the schematic drawing, which shows the distribution of placodes in a stage 21 embryo (modified after Schlosser and Northcutt, 2000; see Fig. 14 for detailed explanation). The unpaired adenohypophysial placode is located medial to the ventral part of the olfactory placode and is, thus, hidden behind the olfactory placode in this lateral perspective (indicated by light green arrow and Ad in brackets). Various shades of green identify placodes (including the prospective lens placode) expressing Pax6, yellow identifies the profundal placode expressing Pax3, and brown and pink jointly identify the posterior placodal area expressing Pax2 and Pax8, with pink being reserved for the subregion, which will form the otic vesicle. Blue–green asterisks indicate downregulation of the respective genes in the region of the prospective lens placode, whereas brown asterisks indicate downregulation of the respective genes in a region intervening between the anterior and posterior subregions of the posterior placodal area. The pink and brown asterisks in I indicate downregulation of FoxI1c expression in the dorsal part of the posterior placodal area. For detailed description, see text. For additional abbreviations, see Fig. 1.

Gene Clone Species Stages Anatomy
sox2.L laevis NF stage 24 to NF stage 27 olfactory placode , forebrain , midbrain , hindbrain , trigeminal placode , [+]

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  Fig. 10. Placodal gene expression patterns in mid-tail bud Xenopus embryos (stages 24–27) in lateral views (anterior is to the left). As in Fig. 9, color-coded arrows and arrowheads are used for the identification of comparable regions of gene expression. Expression in the lens placode is indicated by L. Colors are explained in the schematic drawings, which show the distribution of placodes in stages 24 and 27 embryos (modified after Schlosser and Northcutt, 2000; see Fig. 14 for detailed explanation). By stage 24, the posterior placodal area has extended caudally, the formation of the otic vesicle by invagination of the otic placode has begun, and epibranchial placodes (orange) begin to become recognizable in its ventral part (Schlosser and Northcutt, 2000). By stage 27, the posterior placodal area has broken up into distinct placodes, while invagination of the otic vesicle is continuing (Schlosser and Northcutt, 2000). The lens placode has appeared as a focal thickening. The orange and brown double arrows indicate expression of the respective genes in a region encompassing the facial epibranchial placode and anteroventral lateral line placode, because both placodes are closely apposed and, thus, cannot be differentiated from each other. White asterisks indicate gene expression in the pharyngeal pouches (which can be clearly distinguished from placodal expression domains in transverse sections). The brown asterisk in M indicates downregulation of Pax2 in the region of the anterodorsal lateral line placode. For detailed description, see text. Abbreviations: EB, epibranchial placodes; LL, lateral line placodes; Ot, otic placode or vesicle; vba, ventral branchial arch region (all three germ layers). For additional abbreviations, see Fig. 1.

Gene Clone Species Stages Anatomy
sox2.L laevis NF stage 32 to NF stage 33 and 34 olfactory placode , otic vesicle , lens , forebrain , midbrain , [+]

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  Fig. 11. Placodal gene expression patterns in late tail bud Xenopus embryos (stages 32–34) in lateral views (anterior is to the left). As in Fig. 9, color-coded arrows and arrowheads are used for the identification of comparable regions of gene expression. Expression in the lens is indicated by L. Colors are explained in the schematic drawing, depicting the distribution of placodes in a stage 33/34 embryo (modified after Schlosser and Northcutt, 2000; see Fig. 14 for detailed explanation). By stage 33/34, the profundal placode has disappeared, the trigeminal placode is shrinking rapidly, the lens placode and otic placode have completely invaginated to form the lens and the otic vesicle, respectively, and the lateral line primordia have begun to extend from the lateral line placodes (Schlosser and Northcutt, 2000). Again, orange and brown double arrows indicate expression of the respective genes in a region encompassing facial epibranchial placode and anteroventral lateral line placode. White asterisks indicate gene expression in the pharyngeal pouches. Green and yellow asterisks indicate gene expression in the trigeminal and profundal ganglia (which are fused proximately), respectively. For detailed description, see text. Abbreviations: bam, branchial arch mesenchyme; L, lens; Ot, otic vesicle; vba, ventral branchial arch region (all three germ layers). For additional abbreviations, see Fig. 1.