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Gene/Clone	Species	Stage	Anatomy Item	Experimenter
snai2	xenopus

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Experiment details for snai2

Dichmann DS et al. (2008) Assay

Expression cloning in Xenopus identifies RNA-binding proteins as regulators of embryogenesis and Rbmx as necessary for neural and muscle development.

Gene	Clone	Species	Stages	Anatomy
snai2.L		laevis	NF stage 17	branchial crest , neural crest

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Figure 4. Rbmx is necessary for normal neural development independent of neural induction and mesoderm formation. Embryos are either uninjected controls, injected with Rbmx MO in one cell at the one-cell stage (B,D,F,H,J,L) or one side at the two-cell stage Injected (N,M,P; injected side to the right). Embryos were analyzed at stage 14 (A-L) or 17 (M-R). A,B: N-tubulin-positive primary neurons do not form in Rbmx MO-injected embryos. C,D: Sox2 expression shows normal morphology of the neural plate. E-H: Early mesoderm formation is normal as judged by MyoD (E,F) and Xbra (G,H) expression. I,J: Otx5 expression in the anterior neural plate is not excluded from the presumptive forebrain. K,L: Noggin expression is absent in the anterior neural ridge (red arrow) indicating perturbed anterior neural development. M,N: Pax2-expressing interneurons in the spinal neural plate fail to form on the injected side. O,P: Reduced Slug expression on the injected side indicate defect in neural crest formation. Q,R: Mediolateral patterning of the spinal neural plate proper is normal judged by Pax6 expression.

Gene	Clone	Species	Stages	Anatomy
snai2.S		laevis	NF stage 18	neuroectoderm , neural crest , cranial neural crest

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Figure 2. Effect of overexpression of RNA binding proteins on midneurula development. Whole-mount in situ hybridization for gene expression during neurula stages on uninjected control embryos or embryos injected with 50 pg of mRNA. A-E: Uninjected control embryos showing expression of Sox2 marking all neural tissue (A); N-tubulin in differentiating neurons (B); Pax2 in the forebrain, MHB, and differentiating neurons of the spinal cord (C); Slug marking neural crest (D); and MyoD marking mesoderm (E). F-J: RBMX mRNA injected embryos have normal neural plate morphology (F), but inhibited neural differentiation (G), and perturbed expression of Pax2 (H) and Slug (I), whereas mesoderm is largely unaffected (J). K-N: SFRS3 mRNA injection does not affect Sox2 expression (K), but neurogenesis is inhibited (L), although Pax2 expression in the brain (M) and Slug expression in the neural crest is intact (N). O: MyoD expression is reduced as response to SFRS3. P-T: Sam68 injection does not alter Sox2 (P), Pax2 (R), or MyoD expression (T), but inhibit neurogenesis (Q) and Slug expression in neural crest (S). Embryos were injected with 50 pg of mRNA in one cell at the two-cell stage. Coinjected beta-galactosidase mRNA developed with red-gal was used as a lineage tracer. Embryo orientation is dorsal up, anterior facing.

Gene	Clone	Species	Stages	Anatomy
snai2.L		laevis	NF stage 35 and 36	neural crest , melanophore , neural tube

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Figure 5. Rbmx is required for normal eye development and neuronal differentiation. A-H: Embryos injected unilaterally with Rbmx MO and cultured to stage 31 (A-D), stage 28 (E-F), or stage 35 (H). A,B: In situ hybridization for Xrx1. C,D: In situ hybridization for Pax6; red lines indicate Pax6 expression domain in normal forebrain (C), which is absent in the Rbmx MO injected side (D). E-H: Dorsal view of head and anterior trunk of Rbmx morphants. Injected side is to the right. E-H: In situ hybridization using antisense probe for En1 (E), Lbx1 (F), Lim1 (G), and Slug (H). Red arrowhead in F indicates Lbx1 expression in hypaxial muscle on the uninjected side. Yellow line in H indicates the midline and red arrow indicates melanocytes on the uninjected side. Notably Slug expression is absent in the neural tube and trunk on the injected side.