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Display additional annotations [+]
Gene |
Clone |
Species |
Stages |
Anatomy |
twist1
|
|
laevis
|
NF stage 13
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neural crest
,
premigratory neural crest cell
|
twist1
|
|
laevis
|
NF stage 20
|
neural crest
,
trunk neural crest
,
cranial neural crest
,
migratory neural crest cell
,
anterior branchial crest
,
[+]
|
snai2
|
|
laevis
|
NF stage 13
|
neural crest
,
premigratory neural crest cell
|
snai2
|
|
laevis
|
NF stage 20
|
neural crest
,
trunk neural crest
,
cranial neural crest
,
migratory neural crest cell
,
anterior branchial crest
,
[+]
|
rax
|
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laevis
|
NF stage 24
|
retina
,
optic vesicle
|
rax
|
|
laevis
|
NF stage 29 and 30
|
retina
,
optic vesicle
,
retinal layer
|
rax
|
|
laevis
|
NF stage 35 and 36
|
retina
,
ciliary marginal zone
,
pineal gland
,
eye
,
peripheral retina
|
cyp26a1
|
|
laevis
|
NF stage 29 and 30
|
pharyngeal arch
,
branchial arch
,
chordoneural hinge
,
eye
,
paraxial mesoderm
,
[+]
|
cyp26a1
|
|
laevis
|
NF stage 35 and 36
|
retina
,
ciliary marginal zone
,
eye
,
peripheral retina
|
rbp1
|
|
laevis
|
NF stage 13
|
pre-chordal neural plate
|
rbp1
|
|
laevis
|
NF stage 21
to
NF stage 22
|
brain
,
forebrain
,
optic vesicle
|
rbp1
|
|
laevis
|
NF stage 23
|
brain
,
forebrain
,
pineal gland
,
optic vesicle
|
rbp1
|
|
laevis
|
NF stage 29 and 30
|
lens
,
brain
,
forebrain
,
neural crest
,
pharyngeal arch
,
[+]
|
rbp1
|
|
laevis
|
NF stage 35 and 36
|
otic vesicle
,
retina
,
pineal gland
,
eye
|
|
|
Figure 1. Retinol binding protein 1 expression in early embryonic development of the Xenopus. A, Anterior (St. 13, 21/22, 23) and lateral (St. 23, 30, 35) views of embryos at the indicated stages. The upper row shows embryos treated with an rbp1 antisense probe and the lower row, embryos treated with an rbp1 sense probe. Whole mount in situ hybridization experiments revealed rbp1 expression in the anterior neural tissue at stage 13 of Xenopus embryos (black arrowheads). At stages 21 to 35, rbp1 transcripts were determined in the developing eye (red arrowheads), the ventral part of the forebrain (turquois arrowhead) and the pineal gland (blue arrowhead). The dotted lines at stage 30 in A represent the levels of the sections shown in B. B, Rbp1 expression was detected in the RPE of the eye at stages 30 (left panel, transversal section, red arrowhead) and 36 (right panel, transversal section, red arrowhead) and in the anterior neural crest cells (NCCs) at stage 30 (middle panel, horizontal section). C, Expression of rbp1 compared with that of the neural crest-specific markers twist and slug. Rbp1 was detected in the lateral plate border at stage 13 and in the migrating anterior NCCs (white arrowheads) at stage 20. D, Expression of rbp1 compared with that of the eye-specific markers prox1 and rax. The first and second rows show transversal sections and the third row shows horizontal sections. Rbp1 was detected in the lens (le), the ventral part (red arrowheads) of the retina (r) and the RPE at stages 30 and 35. E, Expression of rbp1 compared with expression of rax at stage 24; both show specific expression in the ventral part of the forebrain (dotted circle, turquois arrowheads), which was also observed on sagittal sections. F, Rbp1 and rax were expressed in the pineal gland (blue arrowhead) at stage 36. G, The transcripts of rbp1 and cyp26a1 were detected in the eye at stage 30 (red arrowhead) |
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Display additional annotations [+]
Gene |
Clone |
Species |
Stages |
Anatomy |
pax6
|
|
laevis
|
NF stage 42
|
retina
,
eye
,
cornea
,
retinal ganglion cell layer
,
amacrine cell
,
[+]
|
vsx1
|
|
laevis
|
NF stage 42
|
lens
,
retina
,
eye
,
lens fiber cell mass
,
bipolar neuron
|
pou1f1
|
|
laevis
|
NF stage 42
|
retina
,
eye
,
retinal ganglion cell layer
,
retinal ganglion cell
|
rho.2
|
|
laevis
|
NF stage 42
|
retina
,
eye
,
photoreceptor layer
,
eye photoreceptor cell
|
|
|
Figure 3. Loss of retinol binding protein 1 leads to disordered retinal layers. Transversal sections of retinol binding protein 1 (Rbp1)- or control morpholino oligonucleotide (MO)-injected embryos at stage 42. Rbp1 knockdown led to deformed and disorganized retinal layers, including rosette-like structures (close-up views) and altered retinal pigmented epithelium (RPE; red arrowheads), as shown by marker gene expression. Four of the 9 embryos showing rho expression (photoreceptor cells), 4 of the 7 embryos showing prox1 expression (horizontal cells), 5 of the 7 embryos showing vsx1 expression (bipolar cells), 6 of the 10 embryos showing pax6 expression (amacrine and ganglion cells) and 2 of the 4 embryos showing pou4f1 expression (ganglion cells) had an altered phenotype, as depicted. In contrast, the uninjected side of the embryos showed no changes of retinal lamination. Scale bar: 100 μm. Abbreviation: MO, morpholino oligonucleotide |