|
Display additional annotations [+]
Gene |
Clone |
Species |
Stages |
Anatomy |
twist1
|
|
laevis
|
NF stage 16
|
neural crest
,
cranial neural crest
,
premigratory neural crest cell
|
snai2
|
|
laevis
|
NF stage 16
|
neural crest
,
cranial neural crest
,
premigratory neural crest cell
|
hmga2
|
|
laevis
|
NF stage 13
|
pre-chordal neural plate border
,
chordal neural plate border
,
anterior placodal area
|
hmga2
|
|
laevis
|
NF stage 16
|
neural crest
,
neural plate
,
cranial neural crest
,
neural plate border
,
premigratory neural crest cell
|
hmga2
|
|
laevis
|
NF stage 26
|
mandibular crest
,
hyoid crest
,
head region
,
neural crest
,
mandibular arch
,
[+]
|
|
|
Fig. 4.
msx1 modulates hmga2 expression in Xenopus embryos. (A–P) Msx1 but not Snail2 is required for hmga2 expression in prospective NCCs; depletion of Msx1 leads to reduction of hmga2 expression (arrowhead) at stage 13, 16, and 25 (A–D); standard MO has no effect on hmga2 expression (E–H); msx1 mRNA expands hmga2 expression, as shown at stage 13 (I, arrowhead) or at stage 16 (J, lines compare medio-lateral extension of hmga2 expression domain between two sides of embryo), and results in stronger hmga2 expression at stage 25 (K,L); MO against snail2 mRNA does not affect hmga2 (M), but downregulates twist (N) at stage 16, while has some effects on hmga2 expression at stage 25 (O,P). (Q–V) Effects of msx1 depletion or overexpression on stage 16 sibling embryos are shown on pax3 (Q,T), snail2 (R,U), twist (S,V). In all these embryos, injected side (inj) was scored by GFP fluorescence, except for (C,D,G,H,K,L,O,P) where β-gal was used as a tracer.
|
|
Display additional annotations [+]
Gene |
Clone |
Species |
Stages |
Anatomy |
twist1
|
|
laevis
|
NF stage 16
|
neural crest
,
cranial neural crest
,
premigratory neural crest cell
|
sox10
|
|
laevis
|
NF stage 16
|
neural crest
,
cranial neural crest
,
premigratory neural crest cell
|
tfap2a
|
|
laevis
|
NF stage 16
|
neural crest
,
cranial neural crest
,
pre-chordal neural plate border
,
chordal neural plate border
,
neural plate border
,
[+]
|
snai2
|
|
laevis
|
NF stage 16
|
neural crest
,
cranial neural crest
,
premigratory neural crest cell
|
hes4
|
|
laevis
|
NF stage 16
|
neural crest
,
neural groove
,
anterior neural fold
,
cranial neural crest
,
neural fold
,
[+]
|
msx2
|
|
laevis
|
NF stage 16
|
neural crest
,
trunk neural crest
,
cranial neural crest
,
pre-chordal neural plate border
,
chordal neural plate border
,
[+]
|
|
|
Fig. 5.
Hmga2 is required for NCS, but not for NBP, gene expression. (A) Xenopus embryos injected unilaterally with MO2 show downregulation of snail2 and sox10, but not of msx1, pax3, ap2 or hairy2 at stage 13. (B) Effects of hmga2 knockdown or overexpression in stage 16 embryos: MO2 causes downregulation of snail2 and twist, but not of msx1 or pax3; a mismatched control MO (5-mis) has no effect; hmga2 mRNA injection does not vary expression of these same genes. Injected side (inj) was scored by β-gal staining (A), or by GFP fluorescence (B). |
|
Display additional annotations [+]
|
|
Fig. 6.
Hmga2 is required for Msx1, Pax3 and Snail2 effects in the Xenopus NCC genetic network. (A–C) Embryos were injected unilaterally with msx1, pax3, or snail2 mRNA (alone or in combination with MO2 or hmga2 mRNA, as indicated) and subsequently analysed at stage 16 by WISH for expression of hmga2, pax3, snail2 and twist, as indicated. GFP mRNA was coinjected to visualise injected side (inj) in all embryos. |