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nkx2-5xenopus   

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Experiment details for nkx2-5

Gessert S et al. (2008) Assay

DM-GRASP/ALCAM/CD166 is required for cardiac morphogenesis and maintenance of cardiac identity in first heart field derived cells.

Gene Clone Species Stages Anatomy
nkx2-5.L laevis NF stage 20 cardiac mesoderm , cardiac progenitor cell
nkx2-5.L laevis NF stage 24 cardiac mesoderm , heart primordium
nkx2-5.L laevis NF stage 29 and 30 heart primordium

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  Fig. 2. Expression of DM-GRASP in the FHF of Xenopus laevis. (A) Expression of different cardiac markers as determined by whole mount in situ hybridization at different stages as indicated. Arrows indicate cardiac progenitor cell population at stage 20, first heart field (FHF) at stage 24 and cells of the developing primary heart tube (PHT) at stage 29. Arrowheads indicate second heart field (SHF) at stage 24 and 29. The cement gland is highlighted by a dotted line. (B) Schematic representation of the location of cardiac progenitor cells, first heart field (FHF), second heart field (SHF) and forming primary heart tube (PHT) with the corresponding marker genes. DM-GRASP is not expressed in the cardiac progenitor cell population but in the FHF and the forming PHT at later stages. Note that at this stage, the linear heart tube has not yet formed.

Gene Clone Species Stages Anatomy
nkx2-5.S laevis NF stage 28 heart , cardiac mesoderm , heart primordium

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  Fig. 5. Loss of DM-GRASP affects marker gene expression in the FHF but not the SHF. (A) DM-GRASP MO was unilaterally injected at the 8-cell stage and expression of cardiac marker genes was monitored at stage 20. No changes for Tbx20, Isl-1 and Nkx2.5 could be detected. Anterior views of whole embryos are given. (B) DM-GRASP MO was unilaterally injected at the 8-cell stage and expression of cardiac marker genes as indicated was monitored at stage 28. Loss of DM-GRASP resulted in down-regulation of some marker genes of the FHF (arrows) but not SHF such as Isl-1 or BMP-4. Ventral views of embryos are given. (C) Quantitative presentation of observed phenotype in panel B. Error bars are standard errors of the means. N = number of examined embryos, n = number of independent experiments.

Gene Clone Species Stages Anatomy
nkx2-5.L laevis NF stage 28 cardiac mesoderm , heart primordium

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  Fig. 7. DM-GRASP and Wnt11-R are functionally linked. (A) Wnt11-R MO was unilaterally injected at the 8-cell stage and expression of cardiac marker genes was monitored at stage 28. Wnt11-R does not affect expression of the early cardiac marker genes Nkx2.5, Isl-1, and Tbx20, but markers of differentiated cardiomyocytes of the FHF such as TnIc, cActin, and MHCα. Bar graphs depict the quantitative presentation of the observed phenotype. Error bars are standard errors of the means. N = number of examined embryos, n = number of independent experiments. (B) Co-injection of RNA coding for DM-GRASP partially reverted the phenotype triggered by the Wnt11-R MO. Bar graphs depict the quantitative presentation of observed phenotype. Error bars are standard errors of the means. N = number of examined embryos, n = number of independent experiments.

Gene Clone Species Stages Anatomy
nkx2-5.L laevis NF stage 35 and 36 heart

  Fig. 3. Loss of DM-GRASP function results in cardiac developmental defects. (A) Binding site of the DM-GRASP MO within the endogenous RNA. The start codon is indicated in green. δ5′-UTR is a mutant that lacks part of the 5′-UTR resulting in 9 mismatched bases (red asterisks). Coupled transcription and translation assays using 35S-radioactively labelled methionine indicate that the DM-GRASP MO but not a control MO blocks translation of DM-GRASP RNA. The 5′UTR deletion construct is not targeted by the DM-GRASP MO. (B) DM-GRASP depleted embryos have incompletely looped and smaller hearts at stage 43. oft: outflow tract, a: atrium, v: ventricle. (C) Quantitative presentation of observed phenotype in panel B. Error bars are standard errors of the means. N = number of examined embryos, n = number of independent experiments. (D) Histological analysis of DM-GRASP MO injected embryos and stained for Nkx2.5 expression by whole mount in situ hybridization indicates problems with morphogenetic movements in DM-GRASP depleted embryos. Embryos were overstained for histological analyses and expression levels of Nkx2.5 cannot be compared between DM-GRASP MO (N = 4) and control MO (N = 3) injected embryos.