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Gene/Clone	Species	Stage	Anatomy Item	Experimenter
darmin	xenopus

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Experiment details for darmin

Homeoprotein hhex-induced conversion of intestinal to ventral pancreatic precursors results in the formation of giant pancrea...

Homeoprotein hhex-induced conversion of intestinal to ventral pancreatic precursors results in the formation of giant pancreata in Xenopus embryos.

Gene	Clone	Species	Stages	Anatomy
darmin.L		laevis	NF stage 18	endoderm , blastocoel roof , endodermal cell

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Fig. 3. Ectopic hhex converts intestine-forming cells into vpp1-expressing cells. Whole mount staining was performed with probes indicated on the left. (A) Bisected embryos, anterior toward the left. Phenotype is as fol- lows: B, 28/32; E, 34/40; H, 21/21; K, 42/42. (L) Statistic analysis of phospho- histone H3-positive cells on the whole surface of bisected vegetal endoderm, as demarcated by the red dashed lines in J and K. As the distribution of phospho-histone H3-positive cells across the whole vegetal endoderm sur- face did not show obvious bias, for simplicity, we counted the whole area rather than only putative vpp1-positive area. Forty-two bisected samples were counted from either control or hhex-injected embryos. P value (0.156) was determined by the paired, two-tailed t test.

Gene	Clone	Species	Stages	Anatomy
darmin.L		laevis	NF stage 35 and 36	endoderm , hindgut , intestine

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Fig. 4. Ectopic hhex-induced ventral pancreatic progenitors undergo normal endocrine and exocrine differentiation. Whole mount staining was performed with molecular probes indicated on the left. (A) Lateral view, head toward the left. Phenotype is as follows: B, 18/20; D, 40/40; F, 21/21; H, 31/31; J, 19/19; L, 32/32. (M and N) Right side views of the same embryos in K and L, respectively, showing that in the control embryo, because of the unilateral location of pancreas, stomach, and duodenum on the left side of the embryo at this developmental stage, fibrinogen stains a continuous area between the intestine and the liver bud. In contrast, in hhex-injected embryos, the anterior, fibrinogen-positive area is interrupted by the ectopically formed ventral pancreatic cells. (O and P) Ventral view, head toward the top. Phenotype is as follows: P, 51/51. (Q and R) Pancreata isolated from elastase: GFP transgenic Xenopus tadpoles (stage 47) with or without hhex over-expression. They were kept in the same Petri dish and photographed together in the same visual field and magnification. The dashed white line was added for a better alignment. Phenotype is as follows: R, 32/32. (S) Whole mount in situ hybridization of insulin on isolated liver and annular pancreata. Red asterisks highlight liver lobes. U shows the other side of the same liver and pancreata in T. The darker structure above the red asterisk in U is the deformed gall bladder. Note that there are two liver lobes in control embryos, but only one liver lobe in hhex-injected embryos (100%, n = 11).