|
Gene |
Clone |
Species |
Stages |
Anatomy |
aldh1a3
|
|
xenopus
|
NF stage 10.25
|
blastopore lip
,
upper blastopore lip
|
aldh1a3
|
|
xenopus
|
NF stage 11
|
dorsal
|
aldh1a3
|
|
xenopus
|
NF stage 12.5
|
chordal neural plate
,
dorsal
|
aldh1a3
|
|
xenopus
|
NF stage 23
|
midbrain-hindbrain boundary
,
otic placode
,
optic vesicle
,
dorsal
,
ventral
|
aldh1a3
|
|
xenopus
|
NF stage 31
|
olfactory placode
,
otic vesicle
,
retina
,
midbrain-hindbrain boundary
,
cement gland
,
[+]
|
aldh1a3
|
|
xenopus
|
NF stage 33 and 34
|
olfactory placode
,
retina
,
optic vesicle
,
ventral
|
aldh1a3
|
|
xenopus
|
NF stage 59
to
NF stage 60
|
retina
,
eye
,
ventral
|
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Gene |
Clone |
Species |
Stages |
Anatomy |
fgf8
|
|
xenopus
|
NF stage 17
|
anterior neural fold
|
fgf8
|
|
xenopus
|
NF stage 17
to
NF stage 18
|
midbrain-hindbrain boundary
,
neuroectoderm
,
anterior neural fold
,
neural tube
|
pax2
|
|
xenopus
|
NF stage 33 and 34
|
retina
,
ventral
|
shh
|
|
xenopus
|
neurula stage
|
notochord
,
floor plate
|
rax
|
|
xenopus
|
NF stage 14
|
eye primordium
,
optic vesicle
|
rax
|
|
xenopus
|
NF stage 17
|
retina
,
eye primordium
,
optic vesicle
|
vax2
|
|
xenopus
|
NF stage 33 and 34
|
retina
,
ventral
,
optic stalk
|
aldh1a2
|
|
xenopus
|
NF stage 17
|
eye primordium
,
optic vesicle
,
anterior neural fold
|
|
|
Fig. 4. Expression pattern of Raldh3 during Xenopus development. (A) Raldh3 expression as detected by whole-mount in situ hybridization of whole embryos (stage 10.25-31) or dissected neural retinas, without lens and pigmented epithelium (stage 59). cf, choroid fissure. Scale bar: 350 μm. (B) Raldh3 expression in transverse sections of stage 33 embryos after whole-mount in situ hybridization. From left to right, sections show expression at progressively posterior levels. op, olfactory placode; os, optic stalk. (C) Comparison of Pax2, Raldh3 and Vax2 expression in the optic cup in transversal sections of stage 33 embryos after whole-mount in situ hybridization. (D) Double in situ hybridizations of Rx1 with Raldh2, Shh or FGF8 on mid- to late neurula embryos shown from anterior view. The inset shows a double in situ hybridization of Rx1 with FGF8 on an early neurula embryo. |
|
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|
|
Fig. 1. Effects of Hh signaling overexpression on eye DV polarity. (A,B) The red or light-blue β-gal staining identifies the injected side. The broken yellow circles highlight the eye region. (A) Unilateral injection of low doses of bhh mRNA (1 pg) upregulates Vax2 in the DR and reduces ET in stage 33 Xenopus embryos. Pax2, Vax1b and Raldh3 are partially upregulated, but not in the DR, and the Pax6 domain is slightly reduced in these embryos. On the uninjected side, Vax2 is normally expressed in the OS and the VR; ET is expressed in the DR; Pax2, Vax1b and Raldh3 are expressed in the OS region and Pax6 is expressed in the retina region. (B) High doses of bhh mRNA (250 pg) upregulate Vax2, Pax2, Vax1b and Raldh3 throughout the eye, and repress ET and Pax6 expression. (C) Schematic representation of the results shown in A and B. Low Hh levels partially expand the OS and ventralize in part the DR. Purple indicates the overlap of ventral and dorsal character in the most dorsal retina. High Hh levels transform the entire retina into OS. |
|
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|
|
Fig. 2. Effects of RA signaling overexpression on eye DV polarity. (A) Low RA doses (0.1 μM) expand Pax2, Vax1b and Raldh3 expression domains, but do not significantly affect Vax2- and ET-positive regions in stage 33 Xenopus embryos. Pax2-hybridized embryos are also shown in frontal view (right column). (B) High RA doses (10 μM) upregulate Vax2 in the DR and repress Vent2, Pax2, Vax1b and Raldh3, but do not change Pax6 expression. (C) Schematic representation of the results shown in A and B. Low RA levels enlarge the OS. High RA levels ventralize the retina and repress OS formation. |
|
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|
|
Fig. 3. Effects of FGFR signaling overexpression on eye DV polarity. (A) Unilateral injection of 2 pg iFGFR1 mRNA, followed by induction with AP20187 at stage 12.5/13, partially expands the expression domains of Vax2, Pax2, Vax1b and Raldh3 in the ventral eye, and weakly represses ET and Pax6 in stage 33 Xenopus embryos. (B) Injection of 4 pg iFGFR1 mRNA upregulates Vax2, Pax2, Vax1b and Raldh3 in the dorsal eye and strongly repress ET and Pax6. (C) Schematic representation of the results shown in A and B. Increasing FGFR levels progressively expands the OS at the expense of the retina. |