|
Gene |
Clone |
Species |
Stages |
Anatomy |
aldh1a2.L
|
|
laevis
|
NF stage 10.5
|
mesoderm
,
anterior
,
posterior
|
aldh1a2.L
|
|
laevis
|
NF stage 11.5
to
NF stage 12
|
mesoderm
,
anterior
,
posterior
|
aldh1a2.L
|
|
laevis
|
NF stage 14
|
lateral plate mesoderm
|
aldh1a2.L
|
|
laevis
|
NF stage 20
|
mesoderm
,
ventro-lateral
,
lateral plate mesoderm
|
aldh1a2.L
|
|
laevis
|
NF stage 33 and 34
|
otic vesicle
,
lens
,
head region
,
lateral plate mesoderm
,
pronephric kidney
|
Display additional annotations [+]
Gene |
Clone |
Species |
Stages |
Anatomy |
hhex
|
|
laevis
|
NF stage 10.5
|
endoderm
,
anterior
|
hhex
|
|
laevis
|
NF stage 11.5
to
NF stage 12
|
endoderm
,
anterior
|
cyp26a1
|
|
laevis
|
NF stage 10.5
|
mesoderm
,
anterior
,
posterior
|
cyp26a1
|
|
laevis
|
NF stage 11.5
to
NF stage 12
|
mesoderm
,
anterior
,
posterior
|
cyp26a1
|
|
laevis
|
NF stage 14
|
neuroectoderm
|
cyp26a1
|
|
laevis
|
NF stage 20
|
mesoderm
,
anterior
,
posterior
|
cyp26a1
|
|
laevis
|
NF stage 33 and 34
|
head region
,
eye
,
lateral plate mesoderm
,
pharynx
,
pharyngeal region
|
ventx1.2
|
|
laevis
|
NF stage 10.5
|
endomesoderm
,
posterior
|
ventx1.2
|
|
laevis
|
NF stage 11.5
to
NF stage 12
|
endomesoderm
,
posterior
|
rdh10
|
|
laevis
|
NF stage 10.5
|
mesoderm
,
anterior
,
posterior
|
rdh10
|
|
laevis
|
NF stage 11.5
to
NF stage 12
|
mesoderm
,
anterior
|
rdh10
|
|
laevis
|
NF stage 14
|
mesoderm
,
ventro-lateral
|
rdh10
|
|
laevis
|
NF stage 20
|
foregut
,
lateral plate mesoderm
,
ventral mesoderm
|
rdh10
|
|
laevis
|
NF stage 33 and 34
|
otic vesicle
,
brain
,
forebrain
,
pronephric duct
,
intermediate mesoderm
,
[+]
|
|
|
Supplemental Figure S2
(A). Dynamic expression of the RA-synthesizing enzymes rdh10 and raldh2 and RA-degrading enzyme cyp26a1 during early Xenopus development. Panel A shows in situ hybridization analysis of rdh10, raldh2, cyp26a1, hhex, and ventx1 at the indicated stages of Xenopus development. Abbreviations: AE, anterior endoderm; PE, posterior endoderm; AM, anterior mesoderm; PM, posterior mesoderm; vlpm, ventral lateral plate mesoderm; fg, foregut; hg, hindgut; lpm, lateral plate mesoderm. Note the robust expression of rdh10 and raldh2 in the ventral lpm at NF20 but not NF14, which correlates with the endogenous timing of RA-dependent respiratory competence of the endoderm (Supplemental Fig.S1A). Boxed flow chart in (A) is a simple schematic of where the enzymes act in the metabolism and catabolism pathway of RA biogenesis.
(B). Early RA treatment of Xenopus DE is inhibitory to lung induction and promotes pancreatic/stomach and intestinal fate. Experimental diagram to test two different RA treatment periods on Xenopus gastrula DE. RT-qPCR analysis of DE explants treated either from NF10.5 to NF25 or NF15-25 with 50nM RA and then from NF25-38 with 3.5M Bio + 50ng/mL BMP4. Gene expression in each condition was normalized to the housekeeping gene ODC and then log2 fold changes in experimental gene expression were determined using the 2−δδCt method relative to the experimental gene’s ODC-normalized expression in either AE or PE cultured in isolation as indicated. Graphs display the average 2−δδCt value +/- SEM of 3 biological replicates (each biological replicate contained n=4 explants).
|
|
|
|
Fig. 6.
Model depicting the reiterative use of Wnt, BMP, and RA signals during endoderm development. (A) In situ hybridization showing expression of the RA-synthesizing enzyme raldh2 (aldh1a2) during early Xenopus development. Abbreviations: AE, anterior endoderm; PE, posterior endoderm; lpm, lateral plate mesoderm; FG, foregut; MG, midgut; HG, hindgut; sm, somitic mesoderm; ant, anterior; post, posterior. (B) Schematic depicting the reiterative roles for Wnt, BMP and RA signals during endoderm vertebrate development. |