Biggar Y et al. (2022), Pro- and anti-apoptotic microRNAs are different...

XB-ART-59003

Gene 2022 Apr 20;819:146236. doi: 10.1016/j.gene.2022.146236.

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Pro- and anti-apoptotic microRNAs are differentially regulated during estivation in Xenopus laevis.

Biggar Y , Ingelson-Filpula WA , Storey KB .

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Xenopus laevis, the African clawed frog, undergoes seasonal estivation to survive periods of drought when its lake-bed habitats dry up. The frog can lose ∼30% of its total body water, leading to conditions of impaired blood flow and ischemia which risk cellular survival under these harsh conditions. MicroRNAs are short, noncoding, single-stranded RNAs 21-24 nt long that have been widely implicated in hypometabolic responses, and serve functions including apoptosis survival. The levels of three pro-apoptotic and four anti-apoptotic miRNAs were measured in liver and skeletal muscle of estivating X. laevis, and bioinformatic analysis was performed to verify potential mRNA targets of these miRNAs. Members of pro-apoptotic miRNAs miR-15a, miR-16, and miR-101 showed upregulation as a result of dehydration stress, while anti-apoptotic miRNAs miR-19b, miR-21, miR-92a, and miR-155 showed differential regulation between the two tissues. Together, these miRNAs act in a more diverse fashion than arbitrarily pro- or anti-apoptotic, and encompass functions ranging from the inhibition of cell proliferation through cell cycle arrest to the prevention of skeletal muscle atrophy.

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Species referenced: Xenopus laevis
Genes referenced: bcl2 bcl2l11 fh mcl1 pdcd4 pten
GO keywords: apoptotic process

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	Fig. 1. Relative transcript expression of X. laevis liver pro-apoptotic miRNAs miR-15, miR-16, miR-101 and anti-apoptotic miRNAs miR-21, miR-19b, miR-92a, and miR-155. Histograms display mean band densities (±S.E.M. n = 4). Data was analyzed using an analysis of variance with a post-hoc Tukey’s test (p < 0.05). Values that are not statistically different from each other share the same letter notation.
	Fig. 2. Relative transcript expression of X. laevis skeletal muscle pro-apoptotic miRNAs miR-15, miR-16, miR-101 and anti-apoptotic miRNAs miR-21, miR-19b, miR-92a, and miR-155. Histograms display mean band densities (±S.E.M. n = 4). Data was analyzed using an analysis of variance with a post-hoc Tukey’s test (p < 0.05). Values that are not statistically different from each other share the same letter notation.
	Fig. 3. Conservation analysis, predicted binding structures, and predicted binding energies of X. laevis specific pro-apoptotic miRNAs as determined by TargetScan and RNAhybrid. A and B miR-15 and miR-16 to the 3′ UTR of bcl-2, C and D miR-101 to the 3′ UTR of mcl-1.
	Fig. 4. Conservation analysis, predicted binding structures, and predicted binding energies of X. laevis specific anti-apoptotic miRNAs as determined by TargetScan and RNAhybrid. A and B miR-19b to the 3′ UTR of pten, C and D miR-21 to the 3′ UTR of pdcd4, E and F miR-92a to the 3′ UTR of bim, G and H miR-155 to the 3′ UTR of tp53inp.